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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Working for success involves a combination of strategic planning, hard work, and continuous improvement. Here are some key principles to consider:

1. Set Clear Goals: Define what success means to you and set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals.

2. Create a Plan: Develop a detailed plan to achieve your goals. Break down the larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks.

3. Stay Focused and Consistent : Dedication and persistence are crucial. Stick to your plan and consistently put in the effort.

4. Continuous Learning: Always seek to improve your skills and knowledge. Stay updated with the latest trends and developments in your field.

5. Time Management: Prioritise your tasks and manage your time efficiently to maximise productivity.

6. Seek Feedback and Adapt: Regularly seek feedback and be open to constructive criticism. Adapt your strategies based on what you learn.

7. Build a Support Network: Surround yourself with supportive and like-minded individuals who can provide guidance, motivation, and assistance.

8. Maintain Balance: Ensure a healthy work-life balance to avoid burnout and maintain overall well-being.

Success is a journey, not a destination, and requires dedication, resilience, and a willingness to adapt and grow.

The lighthouse has not switched off the lamp but now focused on incoming ships

युद्ध नहीं जिनके जीवन में
वे भी बड़े अभागे होंगे।

या तों प्रण को तोड़ा होगा
या फिर रण से भागे होंगे।

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Dollarization means replacing a country's currency with US Dollar. Argentina's new President has promised replacing its own currency 'Peso' with 'US Dollars'.
The article is self explanatory. You can just read the highlighted text.

Benefits:
1) Stable (foreign) Currency which will attract investment and growth
2) As the foreign currency can be earned only through exports (and foreign capital inflows), it would incentivize to promote exports and ease conditions for capital inflows
3) Previous governments could have forced Central banks to print money (monetization of deficit) and spend on wasteful expenditure but in case foreign currency they cant print and Govt. can earn money only through tax and other resources which will prevent inflation.

Negatives:
1) Central banks will loose control on monetary policy and can't influence the money supply
2) Central banks can't devalue currency to promote export.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Social Stock Exchange:
It is a platform that allows investors to invest in select social enterprises or social initiatives.
* The Union Budget ( 2019 –20 )proposed to initiate steps for creating a stock exchange under the market regulator’s ambit.
* SEBI constituted a group under the chairmanship of Tata group veteran Ishaat Hussain in 2019.
* In 2020, SEBI again set up the Technical Group(TG) under Harsh Bhanwala, ex-Chairman, NABARD for getting further expert advice and clarity on SSE.
*The Social Stock Exchange (SSE) is a novel concept in India and such a course is meant to serve private and non-profit sector providers by channeling greater capital to them.

Global Examples: 
SSE exists in countries such as Singapore, and the UK among others. These countries allow firms operating in social sectors to raise risk capital.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

कुछ लोग बहुत positive होते हैं ,
उनके होने से हम भी खुश feel करते हैं!!
उनकी जो energy होती हैं,

वो बुरे से बुरे दिन को भी ठीक कर देती हैं!!
बात करते ही अपने आप solution दे जाती हैं!!

यह हमे judge नहीं करते हैं,
लोगों के लिए बुरा नहीं बोलते हैं!! 🥰

इनके अंदर एक glow हैं 💕
शुकून का 💖

जज्बा हैं इन्हें जिंदगी जीने का,
ये कुछ नहीं पर blessing हैं 🤗

ऐसे लोगों का जिंदगी में होना ही
खुश नसीबी हैं

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Green Deposit” means an interest-bearing deposit, received by the Regulated Entities (like Banks & NBFCs) for a fixed period and the proceeds of which are earmarked for being allocated towards green finance. (Some NBFCs are allowed to accept Fixed/Time deposits). The green deposits shall be denominated in Indian Rupees only. Interest rates on green deposits will be decided by the Banks/NBFCs.

Green Finance” means lending to and/or investing in the activities/projects which encourage energy efficiency in resource utilisation, reduce carbon emissions and greenhouse gases, promote climate resilience and/or adaptation and value and improve natural ecosystems and biodiversity.

Greenwashing” means the practice of marketing products/services as green, when in fact they do not meet requirements to be defined as green activities/projects.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Appreciation :
It is an increase in the value of one currency in relation to another currency  in a floating exchange rate system.
Currencies appreciate against each other for a variety of reasons, including government policy, interest rates, trade balances and business cycles.
Currency appreciation discourages a country’s export activity as its products and services become costlier to buy.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Methane Global Tracker report:
It is an annual report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Background :
Methane is a greenhouse gas responsible for 30% of warming since preindustrial times, second only to carbon dioxide.
Methane is 80 times more potent at warming than carbon dioxide.
Key Findings of the report :
The report shows that 75% of methane emissions can be reduced with cheap and readily available technology.
Global Methane Pledge  150 countries have joined the Global Methane Pledge which aims to reduce methane emissions from human activity by 30% from 2020 levels by 2030.
India has committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% below 2005 levels by 2030.
The energy sector accounts for around 40% of total average methane emissions.
80% of available options to curb methane emissions can be implemented at net zero cost.
Implementing methane reduction measures would cost less than 3% of the net income received by the oil and gas industry in 2022.
Reduction of 75% of natural gas wastage could lower global temperature rise by nearly 0.1 degree Celsius by mid-century.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

GI Tag:
A GI tag is primarily given to an agricultural, natural or a manufactured product (handicrafts and industrial goods) originating from a definite geographical territory.
Typically, such a name conveys an assurance of quality and distinctiveness, which is essentially attributable to the place of its origin.
GI tag in India is governed by Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999. It is issued by the Geographical Indications Registry (Chennai).
This tag is valid for a period of 10 years following which it can be renewed.
Benefits of GI Tag:
It provides legal protection to Indian Geographical Indications thus preventing unauthorized use of the registered GIs by others.
It promotes economic prosperity of producers of goods produced in a geographical territory.
The GI protection in India leads to recognition of the product in other countries thus boosting exports.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Direct Tax Collections Top States in 2022-23
Maharashtra, Delhi, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat

Indirect Tax Collections Top States in 2022-23
Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil nadu

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Global Debt includes the borrowings of Government, Institutions/businesses and Individuals.

Global Debt has increased to 336% of GDP and in absolute terms its rising. But it may not be a concern as every year the Global GDP is increasing and hence the Global Money Supply. Money supply gets created/increased through savings and then lending (debt) by banks using the concept of 'fractional reserve banking'. So as such its not a concern.

If Govt.'s debt has risen too much then it may default or it can 'Inflate away the Debt'. It means that letting inflation to increase (by borrowing more money from Central Banks) which will result in the drop in real value of money. [Inflation benefits Debtors]. The amount of money that the Govt. has to repay will have less value in real terms due to rising inflation and Govt.'s revenue (taxes and others) are in nominal terms.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Zero-coupon bond:
It is a debt security that does not pay interest but instead trades at a deep discount, rendering a profit at maturity, when the bond is redeemed for its full-face value.
* The difference between the purchase price of a zero-coupon bond and the par value indicates the investor’s return.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

World Bank has changed the new extreme poverty line to $2.15 per person per day.

The new extreme poverty line of $2.15 per person per day, which replaces the $1.90 poverty line, is based on 2017 purchasing power poverty exchange rate. As per the new poverty line, about 648 million people globally were in extreme poverty in 2019.

The *international poverty line* is periodically updated to reflect changes in prices across the world. The rise in the international poverty line reflects an increase in the costs of basic food, clothing, and shelter needs in low-income countries between 2011 and 2017, relative to the rest of the world. In other words, the real value of $2.15 in 2017 prices is the same as $1.90 was in 2011 prices.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

T+1 Settlement Cycle:
*# The T+1 settlement cycle means that trade-related settlements must be done within a day, or 24 hours, of the completion of a transaction.
#* Until 2001, stock markets had a weekly settlement system.
#* The markets then moved to a rolling settlement system of T+3, and then to T+2 in 2003.
*# The United States, United Kingdom and Eurozone markets are yet to move to the T+1 system.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Depreciation :
Currency depreciation is a fall in the value of a currency in a floating exchange rate system.
Rupee depreciation means that the rupee has become less valuable with respect to the dollar.
It also means that the rupee is now weaker than what it used to be earlier.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

"Startup Accelerators (Fund)"

A startup accelerator is a mentor-based program that provides guidance, support and limited funding in exchange for equity. Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort/group of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

Startups that want to join an accelerator submit an application and are often admitted in batches split up throughout the year. Once accepted, the startup accelerator will provide resources and services such as guest speakers, advising hours, a negotiated amount of capital and sometimes a shared coworking space. Term periods average around 3-4 months and require anywhere around 3-8% ownership of the startup.

Context: Budget has announced that an Agriculture Accelerator Fund will be set-up to encourage agri startups by young entrepreneurs in rural areas. The Fund will aim at bringing innovative and affordable solutions for challenges faced by farmers. It will also bring in modern technologies to transform agricultural practices, increase productivity and profitability.

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UPSC Economics by Rajeev Sir

Ganjam Kewda Oil:
Ganjam kewda (Pandanus fascicularis) oil is steam-distilled from the flower of the aromatic screwpine plant
Pandanus or screwpine plant grow along seacoasts and in marshy places and forests of tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Asia, Africa, and Oceania.
It is used as an aromatic in the food industry and other sectors.
It is registered under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 by the Government of India.
There is a Fragment and Flavour Development Center (FFDC) extension unit at Berhampore, Ganjam under the Union Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
Flower producer groups eliminated the role of middlemen and provided proper marketing facilities.
FFDC is also training oil makers and helping them purchase modern equipment to start distilling units through the government-managed District Industry Center
It is used in food, zarda (flavoured tobacco) and pharmaceutical companies

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