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Wastewater could be a future resource CEEW Report:
✅Using the Central Pollution Control Board’s 2021 data, the report reflected on the fact that India treats only 28 per cent of the total sewage it generates per day from its urban areas.
Of the 72,368 million litres per day (mld) of sewage produced in these areas, only 20,236 mld is actually treated.
✅Tier-1 and -2 cities, which make up 72 per cent of the urban population, produce an estimated 38,254 mld of sewage, of which only 30 per cent is actually treated.
✅The report assessed that India will produce over 35,000 million cubic meters of wastewater by 2050, and currently, only 10 States have treated wastewater reuse policies.
✅The CEEW researchers analysed — using Central Water Commission estimates — that 11 of the 15 major river basins are likely to face water stress by 2025.
✅They felt it was “essential to explore alternative sources of water to address the demand-supply gap.”
✅“Reusing treated wastewater for irrigation could have generated 28 million metric tonnes of fruit and vegetable produce and ₹96600 crore in revenue in 2021 alone.
✅Using wastewater for irrigation in 2021 would have saved 1.3 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions and ₹5 crore in fertilizer use.”
✅The “market value of treated wastewater in India will be ₹83 crores in 2025 and Rs ₹190 crore in 2050 if the mechanism to sell it to select sectors is developed.”
#water
India is on its way to become the world’s most populous country, overtaking China with almost 3 million more people in the middle of this year, data released on Wednesday by the United Nations showed.
The demographic data from the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) “State of World Population Report, 2023” estimates India’s population at 1,428.6 million or 1.4286 billion against 1.4257 billion for China.
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar's vision of social justice and equality is a guiding light for the government's efforts to build an inclusive and compassionate society.
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8.15 Crore Rural Households Provided Tap Water Connections In 3.5 Years Under Jal Jeevan Mission
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As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, 65% of India’s population lives in the rural areas and 47% of the population is dependent on agriculture for livelihood.
Contrary to the common perception about predominance of agriculture in the rural economy, about two thirds of rural income is now generated in nonagricultural activities.
According to the Economic Survey, the agriculture sector has grown at an average annual growth rate of 4.6% in the past six years. However, agriculture and rural incomes are under stress for several reasons.
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India’s healthcare sector at glance:
✅In the Economic Survey of 2022, India’s public expenditure on healthcare stood at 1% of GDP in 2021-22 against 1.8% in 2020-21 and 1.3% in 2019-20.
✅India had 7 physicians per 1,00,000 people in 2017 (in contrast to 98 in Pakistan, 100 in Sri Lanka and 241 in Japan).
✅53 beds per 1,00,000 people(in contrast to 63 in Pakistan, 79.5 in Bangladesh, 415 in Sri Lanka and 1,298 in Japan).
✅7 nurses and midwives per 1,00,000 people(in contrast to 220 in Sri Lanka, 40 in Bangladesh, 70 in Pakistan, and 1,220 in Japan).
✅India has among the highest out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures of all countries in the world- 62% of the total health expenditure in India is OOP.
✅According to the World Health Organization (WHO), India ranks 184 out of 191 countries in health spending.
✅The US spends over 16% of its total GDP on healthcare, while Japan, Canada, Germany etc. spend over 10% of their GDP on healthcare.
✅State governments improved their finances in FY22, reducing their Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) from 4.1% of GDP in FY21 to 2.8% in FY22. However, due to geopolitical uncertainties, the GFD-GDP ratio is budgeted at 3.4% for FY23.
✅According to the FY23 budget estimates of state governments, the combined own Tax revenue and own Non-
Tax revenue were expected to grow by 17.5% and 25.6% respectively over FY22 RE. On the expenditure side, revenue and capital expenditures were projected to grow by 10.4% and 16% respectively over FY22 RE.
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✅The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme has been rapidly creating more assets in respect of “Works on individual’s land” than in any other category. Its share rose to about 60 per cent in FY22. Besides generating daily wage employment, it has also been creating assets for individual households to diversify their sources of income and lift their supplementary incomes.
✅ Schemes like PM-KISAN, which benefits households covering half the rural population, and PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana have signif-icantly contributed to lessening impoverishment in the country.
✅ In addition, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) in India shows improved rural welfare indicators from FY16 to FY20, covering aspects like gender, fertility rate, household amenities, and women empowerment.
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ASER report
✅Enrollment rate increased from 97.2% in 2018 to 98.4% in 2022
✅The share of government school enrollment increased from 65.8% in 2018 to 72.9%
✅Over 8500 private school shut down from 2020 to 2022
✅The students availing private tuitions in rural region increased to 30.5% from 26.4%
✅Basic reading dropped to pre 2012 level
✅Only 30% of students in Class III in government school could read Class I text compared to 37% in 2018
✅The proportion of rural households with smartphones were doubled from 36% to 74.8%
size and geographical distribution of the Indian diaspora?
✅According to the Parliamentary committee on external affairs, there were 7 crore Indians (NRIs - 1.35 crore, PIOs - 1.87 crore, OCIs, and students) living overseas (as on December 31, 2021). Excluding students, the number stands at 3.22 crore.
✅According to the World Migration Report, prepared by the International Organisation for Migration under the United Nations, India has the largest emigrant population in the world, making it the top origin country globally, followed by Mexico, Russian and China
The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable; the chain of evil it initiates not only in the world that must support life but in living tissues is for the most part irreversible. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister and little-recognized partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world-the very nature of its life.
Rachel Carson
#environment
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India’s position in academia is disappointing.
According to available UNESCOdata on some selected countries, India is at the lowest position, having only 14% female researchers work ing in STEM areas. But India is not very far behind many advanced countries in this aspect. For example, Japan ha only 16% female researchers, the Netherlands 26%, the United States 27% and the United Kingdom 39%.
#Women
#science
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Indian Pharmaceutical Sector
✅ According to the Economic Survey of 2020-21, the Indian pharmaceuticals sector is expected to expand multifold and become a $ 130 billion industry by 2030, while medicine spending is projected to grow rapidly too, leading India to become one of the top 10 countries in terms of such expenditure.
✅Potential of Pharma sector: The Indian pharmaceutical industry, valued at $41 billion, is expected to grow to $65 billion by 2024 and $120-130 billion by 2030, noted the new Economic survey.
✅ Rise in exports: Indian pharma exports have registered a growth of 103 percent since 2013-14. This happens to be Pharma Sector’ best export performance ever till 2021-22.
✅ Positive growth: Drug formulations, biologicals have consistently registered positive
growth and the highest increase in absolute terms in recent months.
This led to a rise in its share to 7.1 percent in April-November 2020 from 5 percent in April-November 2019, making it the second-largest exported commodity among the top 10 export commodities.
#GS2
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World Bank: estimates extreme poverty levels to reach 150 million people by 2021(around 9.5% of global population). Extreme poverty is defined by the World Bank as living below $1.90 per day
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The international agricultural research centre said this citing rise in food insecurity during 2020-2022 due to multiple crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, natural disasters along with civil unrest and political instability.
#Food_security
Fact:
Total Exports (goods + services) of India in 2022-23 = $447 billion + $323 billion = $770 billion = 23% of GDP
Total Imports (goods + services) of India in 2022-23 = $ 714 billion + $178 billion =$892 billion = 27% of GDP
According to an analysis of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), nearly one in every three reported crimes against a woman from 2016 to 2021 pertained to the “cruelty” of her husband and/or his relatives.
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According to the All India Survey of Higher Education (2020-2021), in UG, PG, MPhil and PhD engineering programmes, 71% of enrolled students were males and 29% were females.
But of all students enrolled in science courses at UG, PG, MPhil and PhD levels, women at 53% of enrolment outnumbered men.
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The government of India has taken various steps to ensure gender equality & empowerment of women through various schematic interventions
✅Paid maternity leaves increased from 12 weeks to 26 weeks
✅704 One Stop Centres functional across country.
▪️Women, the game changer of New India
✅88.7% of women now participate in major household decisions
✅Number of Women became 1020 against 1000 men
✅Over 53% of Jan Dhan Bank account holders are women in rural areas.
#women
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✅ ministry of culture : Over 1.5x increase in Budget Allocation in last 9 years
✅15 Tourism Circuits being developed under Swadesh Darshan click here
✅899 km of National Highway to be developed under the Char Dham Connectivity Programme. Click here
Sustained Revenue Buoyancy Over The Last Two Years
✅The revenue receipts in India experienced strong growth in FY22, rebounding from the decline in FY21 during the pandemic. The growth was driven by an increase in the collection of major direct and indirect taxes (excluding excise duties) in FY22.
✅The momentum of revenue growth has continued into the current year with a YoY growth of 15.5% in Gross Tax Revenue and 7.9% in Net Tax Revenue to the Centre after assignment to states from April to November
2022.
✅The sustained growth in revenue receipts in India is due to the resilience of the country's economic growth, as well as the government's effective efforts to expand the tax base and improve tax compliance.
✅The introduction of GST and the digitalization of economic transactions have formalized the economy, resulting in an expanded tax net.
✅Other measures, such as the Faceless Assessment and Appeal, simplification of return filing, generation of e-way bills under the GST system and use of technology and artificial intelligence, have encouraged higher tax compliance and contributed to the growth in revenue.
APJ Abdul Kalam’s family became poor due to business failure. At an early age he sold newspapers to supplement his family's income. In his school years, he had average grades but had a strong desire to learn. He used to spend hours studying. He worked very hard, but still, he missed out on fulfilling his dream of becoming a fighter pilot. Later he joined Aeronautical Development Establishment of DRDO as a scientist. After he was transferred to ISRO, where he was the project director of India's first satellite vehicle launch. It was his great talent that make the missile man of India. He served as the 11th President of India. No matter what high position he held, he always called himself a teacher. He believed in removing poverty and converting religion into spirituality among the solutions to solve the world's problems. He taught people to stay connected with everyone and spread positive thoughts. He taught youth to take responsibility and work towards development with integrity and dedication. It was not his words but his personality that spoke. He was an ordinary man but of extraordinary character. This is a rare combination. He reached various destinations in life, met many men, gave the best to them and moved on.
#essay
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🔆Death Penalty in India Report:
✅Death Penalty in India Report is published by Project 39A.
✅Project 39A is a criminal law reforms advocacy group at the National Law University, Delhi.
✅It is inspired by Article 39A of the Constitution of India.
✅Article 39A of the Constitution of India provides for free legal aid to the poor & weaker sections of the society and ensures justice for all.
▪️Major Highlights of the Death Penalty in India Report 2022:
✅The trial courts across the country imposed 165 death sentences in 2022, which is the highest in a single year in the last two decades.
✅Also, 539 prisoners were on death row by the end of 2022, which was the highest since 2016.
✅The large death row population signals the continued imposition of a high number of death sentences by trial courts with a low rate of disposal by appellate courts.
✅The highest number of people on death row were in the states of Uttar Pradesh (100), Gujarat (61), Jharkhand (46), Maharashtra (39) & Madhya Pradesh (31), the report said.
Mangrove Cover in India
✅According to the India State of Forest Report, 2021, the mangrove cover in India is 4,992 sq. km, which is 0.15% of the country’s total geographical area
✅ About 40% of the world’s mangrove cover is found in South East Asia and South Asia.
✅India has about 3% of the total Mangrove cover in South Asia.
✅ West Bengal accounts for the highest 42.45% of India's mangrove cover, followed by Gujarat at 23.66% and Andaman and Nicobar Islands at 12.39%.
✅ Sundarbans in West Bengal is the largest mangrove forest region in the world.
✅ The 2nd largest mangrove forest in India is Bhitarkanika in Odisha.
Children
✅ The Global Threat Assessment report 2021, by WeProtect Global Alliance, said COVID-19 had contributed to a significant spike in child sexual exploitation and abuse online.
🔸The findings show that in the past two years, the reporting of child sexual exploitation and online abuse has reached its highest level.
🔸 ‘COVID-19 created a ‘perfect storm’ of conditions that fuelled a rise in child sexual exploitation and abuse across the globe,’ it stated
✅Child labour has decreased by 38% globally in the last decade, according to International Labour Organization (ILO). But over 152 millionchildren are still in the grip of this social evil,the eradication of which isone of the UN Sustainable Goals.
✅ According to UNICEF, India has over 30 million orphaned and abandoned children.
✅80% of working children live in India's villages, where most of them work in agriculture.
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I think the environment should be put in the category of our national security. Defense of our resources is just as important as defense abroad. Otherwise what is there to defend?
Robert Redford
#environment
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India has 18% of the world’s population but only 4% of its water resources (total 4,000 BCM through rain, glaciers, etc., out of which only half is usable), which is a fast-depleting natural resource as a result of global warming and wastage.
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The revenue of the Indian mobile gaming industry is expected to reach $5 billion in 2025.
The industry grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 38% in India between 2017-2020 = 8% in China and 10% in the US.
✅ India ranked 3rd globally in terms of number of Startups (84,012) and no of UNICORNs (107)
✅ Ranked 3rd globally in terms of number of publications in SCI journals
✅ Ranked 3rd globally in terms of number of PhDs awarded in Science and Engineering
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