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✅Banking ecosystem: Consists of 12 public sector banks, 22 private sector banks, 46 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1485 urban cooperative banks and 96,000 rural cooperative banks in addition to cooperative credit institutions.
✅ Niti Aayog: Bank credit to GDP ratio in India is 51% as compared to 98% in China in 2016.
✅ India’s digital lending stood at US$ 75 billion in FY18 and is estimated to reach US$ 1 trillion by FY23 driven by the five-fold increase in the digital disbursements.
✅By 2025, India's fintech market is expected to reach Rs. 6.2 trillion.
#GS3
#economy
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India, in 2022-23, exported 22.3 million tonnes (mt) of rice valued at over $11.1 billion.
The world’s total rice exports was 55.6 mt in 2023-23, with India’s share at more than 40 per cent, according to the US Department of Agriculture.
Source
#agriculture
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According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), in the year 2021, as many as 2,880 people died due to lightning. The deaths comprised 40% of all accidental deaths caused by “forces of nature”.
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United States
✅Bilateral trade:
🔸 USD 128 billion (2022-23)
🔸 US surpasses China as India’s biggest trading partner.
✅ Trade Relations:
🔸India s America’s 9th largest trading partner
🔸 Exports from India to the United States increased by 2.81% to $78.31 billion in the fiscal year 2022-23
🔸 Imports from the US surged by around 16% to $50.24 billion.
🔸 India had a trade surplus of $28 billion (2022-23)
✅FDI: 2nd Largest source of FDI; Indian FDI in US exceeds $40 billion.
✅STA(Strategic trade Authorization) status to India:
It exempts specific licences on Indian exports
✅Defence acquisition from US: $13.6 billion (SIPRI)
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Digital divide in India
✅61% of men owned mobile phones in 2021, compared to just 31% women.
✅Only 31% of rural population uses Internet compared to 67% of their urban counterparts.
✅Maharashtra has highest internet penetration, while Bihar has the lowest.
#social_justice
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✅Credit to women doubled in last five years- 14% in 2022 from 7% in 2017.
✅69% loans to women under PM Mudra Yojana.
✅Women borrowers increased at CAGR of 15% over last 5 years.
✅ 79% of women-run enterprises are self-financed.
✅Only 4.4% borrowed money from a financial institution or received assistance from government.
✅More than 70% of women in every state and UTs in the second phase have operational bank accounts. [NFHS-5]
#economy
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Human Trafficking
✅Sex Trafficking
✅Labour Trafficking
✅Organ Trade Trafficking
✅Forced Marriage Trafficking
#essay
#security
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✅According to the Multidimensional Poverty Index 2022, released by UNDP, India has the largest number of poor
people worldwide at 22.8 crore.
✅According to the World Inequality Report 2022, released by World Inequality Lab India was among the most unequal countries in the world.
✅ In 2018, India ranked 62 amongst the 74 emerging economies, in the Inclusive Development Index released by World Economic Forum (WEF).
✅The Global Gender Gap Report published by the World Economic Forum measures the Gender gap between men and women across the four indicators, namely, Political Empowerment, Educational Attainment, Economic Participation and Opportunity, and Health and Survival.
🔸 As per the 2022 edition, India was ranked 135 out of 146 countries (seventh rank in the world).
🔸 There was an improvement in India’s score indicating reduction in the Gender Gap.
🔸Globally, 68.1% of the Gender Gap has been closed and with the present rate of progress it would take 132 years for the world to close the Gender Gap.
#economy
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Medical Device Sector in India
✅The current market size of the medical devices industry in India is estimated at $11 bn (approximately, ? 90,000 Cr) in 2020 and its share in the global medical device market is estimated to be 1.65%.
✅India is the 4th largest Asian medical devices market after Japan, China, and South Korea, and among the top 20 medical devices markets globally.
✅The medical devices industry in India consists of large multinationals as well as small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growing at an unprecedented scale.
✅It was recognized as a Sunrise Sector of India under Make in India Campaign of 2014.
Source
HEALTH
✅For 2018-19, India’s total health expenditure was estimated to be ₹5,96,440 crore, which is 3.2% of GDP and amounts to ₹4,470 per capita.
✅The share of government health expenditure in total health expenditure rose to 40.6% by 2018-19 from 28.6% in 2013-14
✅Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of total health expenditure from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 48.2% in 2018-19.
#health
The international agricultural research centre said this citing rise in food insecurity during 2020-2022 due to multiple crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, natural disasters along with civil unrest and political instability.
#Food_security
Fact:
Total Exports (goods + services) of India in 2022-23 = $447 billion + $323 billion = $770 billion = 23% of GDP
Total Imports (goods + services) of India in 2022-23 = $ 714 billion + $178 billion =$892 billion = 27% of GDP
According to an analysis of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), nearly one in every three reported crimes against a woman from 2016 to 2021 pertained to the “cruelty” of her husband and/or his relatives.
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According to the All India Survey of Higher Education (2020-2021), in UG, PG, MPhil and PhD engineering programmes, 71% of enrolled students were males and 29% were females.
But of all students enrolled in science courses at UG, PG, MPhil and PhD levels, women at 53% of enrolment outnumbered men.
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The government of India has taken various steps to ensure gender equality & empowerment of women through various schematic interventions
✅Paid maternity leaves increased from 12 weeks to 26 weeks
✅704 One Stop Centres functional across country.
▪️Women, the game changer of New India
✅88.7% of women now participate in major household decisions
✅Number of Women became 1020 against 1000 men
✅Over 53% of Jan Dhan Bank account holders are women in rural areas.
#women
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Allocation of Services to the recommended candidates by UPSC on the basis of Civil Services Examination- 2022 to IAS, IFS, IPS, Central Civil Services, Group 'A' and Group 'B' - Service Allocation -1st Iteration.
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Trade data suggest Indian refiners saved at least $7.17 billion in foreign exchange in the 14 months ended May 2023 by ramping up buying of discounted Russian oil.
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✅India-UAE trade rose to $85 billion in 2022. The UAE was India’s third largest trading partner and second-largest export destination in FY2022-23. Conversely, India was the UAE’s second largest trading partner.
✅The major items of export from India to the UAE include mineral fuels, mineral oils and products etc.
✅The major items imported by India are petroleum crude and petroleum related products.
✅The UAE is the fourth largest investor in India. Its cumulative FDI inflows between April 2000 and September 2022 stood at around $15.2 billion.
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India Specific Findings
✅In 2022, global public debt reached a record $92 trillion with developing countries owed almost 30% of the total debt, of which roughly 70% is attributable to China, India and Brazil.
✅According to the report, India is shouldering a debt burden of $2.8 trillion. In comparison, China has a debt of nearly $14 trillion, and that of the United States has a debt of $30 trillion.
✅Unemployment rate touched 8.11% [CMIE Data, April 2023]
✅Less than half of the Indian graduates are employable
[India Skills Report]
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✅ World's richest people emit unsustainable amounts of carbon and unlike ordinary people, 50% to 70% percent of their emissions result from their investments (Oxfam report).
✅ The bottom 50% of households contribute 12% of the global total GHG emissions, whereas the top 1% emit contribute 17% of the total (Emission gap report 2022).
#environment
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India lost 43.9 thousand hectares of humid primary forest between 2021 and 2022.
This accounts for 17% of the country’s total tree cover loss in the period.
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Greetings from Officers IAS Academy,
As we Are expanding our operations both at the existing locations and opening New Centers, we are Looking for "Junior Faculties" for the following subjects . Candidates having experience in UPSC - CSE may apply to hr@officersiasacademy.com
-Polity
-Environment
-Internal Security
-Disaster Management
-Science and Technology
-International Relation
-Sociology
-Anthropology
-Political Science and International Relations.
WMO recently released report “Global Sea-level Rise and Implications”
✅11% of the global population i.e.896 million people lived within the Low Elevation Coastal Zone in 2020
✅It is expected to increase to beyond 1 billion people by 2050
✅Several big cities in all continents are threatened by the rise in sea level
✅India, China, Bangladesh and the Netherlands face the highest threat of sea-level rise globally
✅The population potentially exposed to a 100-year coastal flood is projected to increase by about 20% if global mean sea level rises by 0.15 metres relative to 2020 levels.
#sea_level
Wastewater could be a future resource CEEW Report:
✅Using the Central Pollution Control Board’s 2021 data, the report reflected on the fact that India treats only 28 per cent of the total sewage it generates per day from its urban areas.
Of the 72,368 million litres per day (mld) of sewage produced in these areas, only 20,236 mld is actually treated.
✅Tier-1 and -2 cities, which make up 72 per cent of the urban population, produce an estimated 38,254 mld of sewage, of which only 30 per cent is actually treated.
✅The report assessed that India will produce over 35,000 million cubic meters of wastewater by 2050, and currently, only 10 States have treated wastewater reuse policies.
✅The CEEW researchers analysed — using Central Water Commission estimates — that 11 of the 15 major river basins are likely to face water stress by 2025.
✅They felt it was “essential to explore alternative sources of water to address the demand-supply gap.”
✅“Reusing treated wastewater for irrigation could have generated 28 million metric tonnes of fruit and vegetable produce and ₹96600 crore in revenue in 2021 alone.
✅Using wastewater for irrigation in 2021 would have saved 1.3 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions and ₹5 crore in fertilizer use.”
✅The “market value of treated wastewater in India will be ₹83 crores in 2025 and Rs ₹190 crore in 2050 if the mechanism to sell it to select sectors is developed.”
#water
India is on its way to become the world’s most populous country, overtaking China with almost 3 million more people in the middle of this year, data released on Wednesday by the United Nations showed.
The demographic data from the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) “State of World Population Report, 2023” estimates India’s population at 1,428.6 million or 1.4286 billion against 1.4257 billion for China.
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar's vision of social justice and equality is a guiding light for the government's efforts to build an inclusive and compassionate society.
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8.15 Crore Rural Households Provided Tap Water Connections In 3.5 Years Under Jal Jeevan Mission
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As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, 65% of India’s population lives in the rural areas and 47% of the population is dependent on agriculture for livelihood.
Contrary to the common perception about predominance of agriculture in the rural economy, about two thirds of rural income is now generated in nonagricultural activities.
According to the Economic Survey, the agriculture sector has grown at an average annual growth rate of 4.6% in the past six years. However, agriculture and rural incomes are under stress for several reasons.
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India’s healthcare sector at glance:
✅In the Economic Survey of 2022, India’s public expenditure on healthcare stood at 1% of GDP in 2021-22 against 1.8% in 2020-21 and 1.3% in 2019-20.
✅India had 7 physicians per 1,00,000 people in 2017 (in contrast to 98 in Pakistan, 100 in Sri Lanka and 241 in Japan).
✅53 beds per 1,00,000 people(in contrast to 63 in Pakistan, 79.5 in Bangladesh, 415 in Sri Lanka and 1,298 in Japan).
✅7 nurses and midwives per 1,00,000 people(in contrast to 220 in Sri Lanka, 40 in Bangladesh, 70 in Pakistan, and 1,220 in Japan).
✅India has among the highest out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures of all countries in the world- 62% of the total health expenditure in India is OOP.
✅According to the World Health Organization (WHO), India ranks 184 out of 191 countries in health spending.
✅The US spends over 16% of its total GDP on healthcare, while Japan, Canada, Germany etc. spend over 10% of their GDP on healthcare.