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Air Pollution in India
According to the World Air Quality Report 2023, India is ranked eighth in the list of countries with the worst air quality index.
Delhi ranks fourth among the 50 most polluted cities in the world.
Causes: The transport industry is responsible for 20–35% of PM2.5 pollution in the country.
The use of biomass fuels, industrial plants, and coal-fired power plants also contributes to the deterioration of air quality.
India’s edible oil imports have increased by nearly 1.5 times and more than doubled in rupee value over the past decade, reaching a record over 16 million tonnes in the year ending October 2023.
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Solar photovoltaic installations globally touched 1,133 gigawatts (GW) as of 2022 with 191 GW being added in 2022. Nearly a fourth, or about 350 MW, is installed in China, which is not a member of the ISA. China is followed by the United States, a member country at 111 GW. India ranks among the top 5 countries globally with 62 GW.
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🔆Urban vs Rural Employment profile
✅ Labour markets have recovered beyond pre-Covid levels: In both urban and rural areas, with unemployment rates falling from 5.8% in 2018-19 to 4.2% in 2020-21.
✅ Steady upward trend in employment in the organised manufacturing sector. In terms of share of employment, the food products industry (11.1%) remained the largest employer, followed by apparel (7.6%) and basic metals (7.3%).
✅ State-wise, Tamil Nadu had the largest number of persons engaged in factories followed by Gujarat and Maharashtra.
✅ More than 60% factories were found to employ less than 50 employees.
✅ The number of works done under MGNREGS has also steadily increased over the years.
✅ Improvement in employment indicators: The labour force participation rate (LFPR), worker population ratio (WPR) and unemployment rate (UR) in PLFS 2020-21 (July-June) have improved for both males and females in both rural and urban areas.
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Over 4 million more children were vaccinated in 2022 compared to the year before, the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) said in a press release July 18, 2023. Even though immunisation services have picked up pace since the COVID-19 pandemic, recovery remains uneven.
The three-dose vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough), also known as the DTP3, is used as the global marker for immunisation coverage.
Over 20.5 million children missed out on one or more vaccines delivered through routine immunisation services in 2022, compared to 24.4 million children in 2021.
India’s milk production increased from 17 MT in 1951 to 222 MT in 2022-23, making it the world’s largest milk producer.
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Data on Digital Disparity:
✅National Family Health Survey (2019-21): One in three women in India (33%) have ever used the internet, compared to more than half (57%) of men [Rural India - 49% vs 25%].
✅ According to a UNICEF report, as many as 90% of the jobs in the world today have a digital component. These jobs, however, are available only to the digitally able, and to more men than women.
✅ Report by OECD: The gender gap in internet use is widening. Software development remains a male-dominated field, with women comprising only 15% of software designers.
✅ 'India Inequality Report 2022: Digital Divide' by OXFAM: In Asia-Pacific, India has the widest gender gap of 40%. Less than 32% of women in India own a mobile phone compared to over 60% of men.
Gandhi Ji’s Vision of Gender Equality Continues!
In the pursuit of his vision, India is taking decisive actions to ensure daughters are treated equally to sons
Children in 98 per cent of African countries are at high risk of being impacted by climate change, according to a new report released by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
Source
Status of mental healthcare
India:
✅It is estimated that 6-7 % of the population suffers from mental disorders in India.
✅WHO estimates that the burden of mental health problems in India is 2443 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 00 population.
✅The age-adjusted suicide rate per 100 000 population is 21.1.
✅The economic loss due to mental health conditions, between 2012-2030, is estimated at USD 1.03 trillion.
Global:
✅As per World Bank, nearly 1 billion people live with a mental disorder and in low-income countries; more than 75% of people with the disorder do not receive treatment.
✅Every 40 seconds, a person dies by suicide.
✅About 50% of mental health disorders start by the age of 14.
✅As per WHO Depression is one of the leading causes of disability and suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among 15-29-year-olds.
✅People with mental illness may be subject to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
Defence
✅India- 2nd largest arms importer during (2015-19)
✅Largest supplier- Russia (SIPRI)
✅Military spending- 3rd highest at USD 76.6.
✅Size of India's defence industry - Rs 80,000 crore approx.
✅Public sector share- Rs 63,000 crore
✅Private sector- Rs 17,000 crore
✅Indigenous arms industry- 64% of capital outlays in the 2021 Indian military budget
✅Defence exports- In 2018-19 Rs 10,745 crore, a growth of over 700%t since 2016-17.
✅India exports to more than 40 countries.
✅India's nuclear stockpile increased from 156 in January 2021 to 160 in January 2022.
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Doordarshan presents an amazing short film on LBSNAA and the IAS training.
Humans of Lbsnaa
IAS Association
Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India
DDNewsLive
Civil Services : Steel Frame of India भारतीय सिविल सेवाएँ
https://youtu.be/cX0luuubLGk
✅ As per the latest India State of Forest Report 2021, India’s total forest cover is 7,13,789 sq km 21.71 per cent of the country’s geographical area.
✅ The forest cover of the country has increased by 1,540 sq km and the tree cover has increased by 721 sq km compared to the assessment in 2019.
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✅According to the Multidimensional Poverty Index 2022, released by UNDP, India has the largest number of poor
people worldwide at 22.8 crore.
✅According to the World Inequality Report 2022, released by World Inequality Lab India was among the most unequal countries in the world.
✅ In 2018, India ranked 62 amongst the 74 emerging economies, in the Inclusive Development Index released by World Economic Forum (WEF).
✅The Global Gender Gap Report published by the World Economic Forum measures the Gender gap between men and women across the four indicators, namely, Political Empowerment, Educational Attainment, Economic Participation and Opportunity, and Health and Survival.
🔸 As per the 2022 edition, India was ranked 135 out of 146 countries (seventh rank in the world).
🔸 There was an improvement in India’s score indicating reduction in the Gender Gap.
🔸Globally, 68.1% of the Gender Gap has been closed and with the present rate of progress it would take 132 years for the world to close the Gender Gap.
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Sugar Production in India
India has been the largest consumer ( 15% share) and second largest producer of sugar (20% share) in the world.
Location of Sugar Industry in India: Sugar industry is broadly distributed over two major areas of production:
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab in the north and
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh in the south.
South India has tropical climate which is suitable for higher sucrose content giving higher yield per unit area as compared to north India
IFoS mains 2023 Admit card
https://upsconline.nic.in/eadmitcard/admitcard_ifs_2023/instructions.php
OTT Subscribers In India
Each OTT paying audience member in India has 2.4 subscriptions on an average, according to Ormax OTT Audience Sizing Report 2022.
The consultancy firm estimates that India has 424 million OTT users.
On the other hand, India has an approximate 150 million households with TVs, which translates to 600 million TV viewers.
The study also showed that 72 per cent consumers in India would pay for an all-in-one platform for their entertainment services.
Technical Textile in India
✅India is the second largest producer of polyester in the world and is now emerging as a key player in technical textiles industry contributing to a market size of $ 19 Bn.
✅Technical textile accounts for approximately 13% of India’s total textile and apparel market and contributes to India’s GDP at 0.7%.
✅The Indian Technical Textiles market is the 5th largest in the world and is rapidly growing, both in terms of value and output.
✅India’s exports of technical textiles in 2018-19 is estimated at $ 1.9 Bn, which has grown at a CAGR of 4% over the past four years.
✅India’s imports of technical textiles have increased at a CAGR of 8% within the last four years, from $ 1,635 Mn to $ 2,209 Mn in 2018-19.
As in the National Family Health
Survey, 201921, 35% of children are stunted, and 57% of women and 25% of men are anaemic. At the other end, due to imbalanced diets and sedentary lifestyles, 24% of adult women and 23%of adult men are now obese
At the beginning of 2023, India had 692.0 million internet users, with internet penetration at 48.7 per cent. In January 2023, India had 467.0 million social media users, accounting for 32.8 per cent of the total population.
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🔆Elderly Population in India:
✅According to the Population Census 2011, there are nearly 104 million elderly persons in India.
✅The sex ratio: among elderly people was as high as 1028 in 1951, subsequently dropped and again reached up to 1033 in 2011.
✅The old-age dependency ratio climbed from 10.9% in 1961 to 14.2% in 2011 for India as a whole.
✅In rural areas, 66% of elderly men and 28% of elderly women were working, while in urban areas only 46% of elderly men and about 11% of elderly women were working.
✅The per cent of literates among elderly persons increased from 27% in 1991 to 44% in 2011.
🔆India’s Gender Responsive Budgeting:
✅GRB began in India in 2005-2006 as a fiscal innovation, every year since then the Ministry of Finance has been publishing “Gender Budget Statements” along with the Union Budget.
✅In 2010, the Planning Commission clarified that in place of the Women Component Plan, the Ministry of Finance and MoWCD should adopt Gender Responsive Budgeting or Gender Budgeting only.
✅The ‘Gender Budgeting Handbook, 2015’ released by the Ministry of Women and Child Development notes that Gender Budgeting is a tool for gender mainstreaming.
✅In the 2023-24 Union budget, the Finance Minister emphasised ‘Nari-Shakti’ (woman power) and shifted the focus from women’s development to women-led development
Technical Textile in India
✅India is the second largest producer of polyester in the world and is now emerging as a key player in technical textiles industry contributing to a market size of $ 19 Bn.
✅Technical textile accounts for approximately 13% of India’s total textile and apparel market and contributes to India’s GDP at 0.7%.
✅The Indian Technical Textiles market is the 5th largest in the world and is rapidly growing, both in terms of value and output.
✅India’s exports of technical textiles in 2018-19 is estimated at $ 1.9 Bn, which has grown at a CAGR of 4% over the past four years.
✅India’s imports of technical textiles have increased at a CAGR of 8% within the last four years, from $ 1,635 Mn to $ 2,209 Mn in 2018-19.
🔆Urban vs Rural Employment profile
✅ Labour markets have recovered beyond pre-Covid levels: In both urban and rural areas, with unemployment rates falling from 5.8% in 2018-19 to 4.2% in 2020-21.
✅ Steady upward trend in employment in the organised manufacturing sector. In terms of share of employment, the food products industry (11.1%) remained the largest employer, followed by apparel (7.6%) and basic metals (7.3%).
✅ State-wise, Tamil Nadu had the largest number of persons engaged in factories followed by Gujarat and Maharashtra.
✅ More than 60% factories were found to employ less than 50 employees.
✅ The number of works done under MGNREGS has also steadily increased over the years.
✅ Improvement in employment indicators: The labour force participation rate (LFPR), worker population ratio (WPR) and unemployment rate (UR) in PLFS 2020-21 (July-June) have improved for both males and females in both rural and urban areas.
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✅MSME sector employs around 111 million people and is second largest employer after agriculture.
✅It contributes 28% of India's GDP and 45% of our manufacturing output.
✅However, MSMEs continue to face challenges of formalization, access to technology, access to timely & adequate finance, improving competitiveness, availability of skilled manpower, access to latest technology & marketing.
✅MSME sector is yet to benefit from advances in digitization, which can substantially reduce cost and time.
✅The sector was also affected in the recent past due to structural changes in the economy such asimplementation of GST and demonetisation.
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✅Left Wing Extremism (LWE) related violence in the country has declined by 77% from an all-time high of 2258 incidents in 2009 to 509 in 2021.
✅Similarly, resultant deaths (Civilians + Security Forces) have declined by 85% from an all-time high of 1005 in 2010
to 147 in 2021.
✅In the last two years, the incidents of LWE violence and the resultant deaths have come down by 24% and 27%, respectively.
✅ 90% of all security personnel fatalities nationwide occurred in Chhattisgarh, which is followed by Jharkhand, which reported 5 fatalities, in terms of overall statistics. In Chhattisgarh over the last three years, the number of security force fatalities at the hands of Maoist insurgency has more than doubled.
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Strengthening Traditional Industry of Khadi in India
✅Turnover of Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) products reached historic high of Rs. 1.34 lakh crore in 2022-23 for the first time in Independent India
✅Sale of Khadi clothes increased from Rs. 1081 crore in 2013-14 to Rs. 5943 crore in 2022-23
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India had created a unique record of destroying 10 lakh kg of drugs worth ₹12,000 crore in the past year. Just about two weeks ago, 1.5 lakh kg of seized drugs was destroyed.
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