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UPSC MAINS FACTS

Specimen Question Cum Answer Booklets

Those taking the mains for the first time should look over the UPSC Q&A booklets. These QcA booklets are slightly different from those provided by coaching. So, kindly check.

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UPSC MAINS FACTS

According to the India Landslide Susceptibility Map (ILSM), about 13.17% of India’s geographical area is prone to landslides, while 4.75% falls under the ‘very high susceptibility’ category.

The Himalayas, Northeastern States, and Western Ghats are the country’s major landslide hotspots.

Sikkim has the highest share of landslide-prone area (57.6%), whereas Kerala has nearly 14% of its area in the ‘very high susceptibility’ category despite being outside the Himalayan region.

India accounts for around 8% of global deaths caused by landslides

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India’s installed renewable energy capacity grew more than sixfold over a decade, rising from approximately 40 GW in 2015 to nearly 260 GW by 2025.

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India welcomed 9.95 million foreign tourists in 2024, earning nearly USD 35 billion in tourism receipts

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The Tax Devolution Gap: Despite Kerala successfully mobilizing localized taxes to generate per capita revenues 1.5 times the national average for all states, its statutory share in the Union government’s tax devolution grid was restricted to a low 1.92%, compared to its 2.6% share of India’s total population in 2023–24.

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Nearly 25 crore people escaped multidimensional poverty through expanded welfare delivery and social protection measures.
Rural tap water coverage increased from 3.23 crore households in 2019 to 15.84 crore by May 2026.
Over 12.11 crore household toilets were built, raising rural sanitation coverage from 39% in 2014 to universal coverage.
PM Ujjwala Yojana provided over 10.57 crore free LPG connections, improving women’s health and reducing indoor pollution.
Ayushman Bharat issued 43.93 crore health cards, expanding affordable healthcare access for economically vulnerable families.
PMGKAY ensured free foodgrains for over 81 crore beneficiaries, strengthening food security for poor households nationwide.
Female primary school dropout rates declined sharply from 4.6% in 2013-14 to 0.3% in 2024-25. 


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144+ crore Aadhaar IDs and 49+ crore UPI users to 90+ crore ABHA accounts, 99.9% 5G district coverage and 103 crore internet connections, India's digital revolution is operating at a scale the world can only admire.

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2030 Targets: Only 3% of SDG targets are on track, with challenges across 13 of 17 goals.

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Electronics production has increased from ₹1.9 lakh crore in FY 2014-15 to about ₹12 lakh crore as of March 2026. Today, India is the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer, reflecting its growing role in global electronics value chains.

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BharatNet-1 and BharatNet-2, a target was set to connect more than 2.22 lakh Gram Panchayats across the country. As of Jan 2026, around 2.15 lakh Gram Panchayats i.e. nearly 97% have been connected, with close to 7 lakh Km of optical fiber cable laid nationwide.

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India’s development roadmaps—the Maritime Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047—set clear targets to place the country among the top 10 global shipbuilding nations by 2030 and the top 5 by 2047.

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By contributing 33% to 35% of India's total GFCF, private corporate investment provides the financial fuel needed to keep the country on a steady 7% plus GDP growth path

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The IMD reports that nearly 75% of India’s landmass is currently experiencing an acute rainfall deficiency exceeding 20%

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Specimen Question Cum Answer Booklets

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exports of toys (HSN 9503, 9504 & 9505) were US$152.7 million in 2017-18. It rose to US$ 384.7 million in 2025-26, reflecting a growth of over 151.9%. The most significant expansion was seen in Electronic & Non-Electronic Toys (HSN 9503). The exports grew by nearly 160%, from US$ 77.35 million to US$ 200.89 million during the same period.  The United States (US) emerged as the leading export destination, with shipments more than quadrupling, from US$ 26.7 million to about US$ 111.9 million. 

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CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems): Connects over 16,000 police stations across India, supporting FIR registration in 23 languages with Bhashini integration for Zero-FIR translation

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India recorded 2.9 billion domestic tourist visits in 2024, surpassing the pre-pandemic peak of 2.3 billion in 2019

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UPSC/ State psc prelims accelerator

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📣MAINS 365 SAMPLE TEMPLATES

Urgency + Value
✔️ Current Affairs can decide your Mains marks.
Don’t just read them — learn how to write them.
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✔ Current Affairs + Static Linking
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26.8% of India’s population, or nearly 374 million people, remains below the poverty line

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Hunger & Nutrition (SDG 2):
Child Malnutrition: Child wasting rose from 16.9% (2017) to 19% (NFHS-6), while 29.3% of children remain stunted.

Undernourishment: Undernourishment increased to 12% (2023), while adult obesity rose from 4.91% to 7.27%.

Environment (SDGs 13, 14 & 15):
Higher Emissions: Per-capita CO₂ emissions increased from 1.69 to 2.21 tonnes since 2015.

Air Pollution: Pollution-related deaths reached 132 per 100,000 population.

Governance (SDG 16):
Press Freedom: India’s media score declined sharply from 59.51 (2015) to 31.96 (2026) on the Press Freedom Index.

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🛑PIB NEWS SHORT NOTES

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More than 6.5 lakh Common Service Centres and 1.6 lakh post offices now deliver digital services

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31% (70 of 226) analysed Rajya Sabha MPs have declared criminal cases, while 16% (37 MPs) face serious criminal charges.

Among them, 1 MP declared a murder case, 4 MPs declared attempt to murder cases, and 4 MPs disclosed cases related to crimes against women.

The analysis covered 226 of 233 MPs; four Rajya Sabha seats were vacant and affidavits of three MPs were unavailable.

Party-wise, criminal cases were declared by 26% of BJP MPs, 41% of Congress MPs, 22% of TMC MPs, 25% of DMK MPs, and 50% of Samajwadi Party MPs.

14% (31 MPs) are billionaires with assets exceeding ₹100 crore, highlighting the growing concentration of wealth among Rajya Sabha members.

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India Skills Report 2025 shows only 54.81% of graduates are employable at industry standards. Corporations are forced to divert massive internal financial resources into in-house unbillable training, upskilling, and remedial education pipelines

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The Deep Geographic TFR Divide:

The Urban-Rural Variance: While rural fertility remains close to the replacement mark, urban fertility has dropped sharply to 1.5 children per woman.

The Ultra-Low Cohorts: Delhi has reached an ultra-low TFR of 1.2, while Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal sit at 1.3—levels lower than advanced economies like the United States (1.6) and matching Japan (1.3).

The High-Fertility Pockets: Conversely, northern states maintain high fertility rates, led by Bihar at 2.9, followed by Uttar Pradesh (2.6), Madhya Pradesh (2.4), and Rajasthan (2.3).

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India has emerged as the world's leading ship recycling nation in 2025, ranking first globally. India's share of global ship recycling increased to 35.4% in 2025 from 30.1% in 2024, according to the latest report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

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