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■ Vibrant Village Programme (VVP)
◇ Context: Union Home Minister asks border-guarding forces to strengthen Vibrant Village Programme and ensure welfare programmes are implemented
◇ Key points highlighted by HM: Soldiers on the ground and fencing were necessary but borders can be truly secured when “we create villages with people who are concerned for the country”
□ About the VVP:
◇ It was announced in the 2022-23 budget with an aim to enhance the infrastructure in border villages along India’s border with China.
◇ Activities include Housing, Tourism promotion, Road Infrastructure, Renewable Energy, livelihood generation etc.
Promotes community knowledge in the border management
◇ Other similar initiatives: Border Area Development Programme (BADP); Border Infrastructure and Management Scheme etc.
■ GNB1 Encephalopathy
◇ Context: Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, Tel Aviv University and Columbia University are studying a rare genetic brain disease called “GNB1 Encephalopathy” and trying to develop a drug to treat it effectively.
□ About GNB1 Encephalopathy:
◇ GNB1 Encephalopathy is a kind of neurological disorder, which affects individuals in the foetus stage.
◇ Scientists say delayed physical and mental development, intellectual disabilities, and frequent epileptic seizures, are among the early symptoms of the disease.
◇ A single nucleotide mutation in the GNB1 gene that makes one of the G-proteins, the “Gβ1 protein,” causes this disease.
◇ Children born with GNB1 mutation experience mental and physical developmental delay, epilepsy (abnormal brain activity), and movement problems.
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■ Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA)
◇ Context: HEFA has fallen short of the government’s target of mobilizing Rs 1 Lakh crore by 2022
□ Reasons for the shortfall:
◇ The reluctance of the institute to take loans due to weak internal source of finances: IIT Bombay administration had to clarify it was forced to resort to a fee hike – which triggered student protests – to repay HEFA loans Fund crunch during Covid19 time Revision in the funding pattern in 2020.
□ About HEFA:
◇ HEFA was set up by the Centre in 2017 to upgrade the education infrastructure in the higher education institutions under the Government of India.
◇ It has sanctioned 144 loans worth Rs 35,000 crore so far, falling short of the government’s target of mobilising Rs 1 lakh crore by 2022.
◇ HEFA, which was set up as a non-profit Non-Banking Financing Company (NBFC), a joint venture between the Union Ministry of Education and the Canara Bank to finance infrastructure development in educational institutions through long-term loans.
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■ Registrar General of India (RGI)
Context: The Office of the Registrar-General of India (RGI) is following the set of criteria set out by the Lokur Committee nearly 60 years ago to define any new community as a Scheduled Tribe
□ The criteria of the Lokur Committee for recognition of any community under the ST list are:
• Indications of primitive traits
• Distinctive culture
• Geographical isolation
• The shyness of contact with the community at large
• Backwardness
◇ However, over the years, the criteria have come under severe criticism.
◇ Previously Central government has called these criteria “obsolete”, “condescending”, “dogmatic”, and “rigid” and it was considering a proposal to change the criteria for scheduling new communities as STs.
◇ The Office of the RGI’s nod is mandatory for the inclusion of any community in ST lists, as per the procedure for scheduling tribes.
■ What is a cold wave ?
◇ Context: Delhi and other parts of northwest India have been currently reeling under a cold wave spell.
◇ Background: In Delhi (the Safdarjung weather station), the lowest minimum temperature recorded this month was 1.9 degrees Celsius on January 8.
□ What is a cold wave ?
◇ In the plains, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) marks a cold wave in terms of minimum temperatures –
When the minimum temperature is 4 degrees or less or When the minimum temperature is less than 10 degrees and 4.5 to 6.4 degrees below the normal.
□ Reasons for the temperature drop in north and north-west India:
◇ Large-scale fog cover, preventing sunlight from reaching the surface and affecting the radiation balance.
Light winds and high moisture near the land surface have been contributing to the fog.
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■ TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENT
◇ Context: Telescopes operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently observed a massive black hole devouring a star.
◇ The astronomical phenomenon of the destruction of a star by a black hole is formally called a tidal disruption event (TDE)
□ About TDE:
◇ A tidal force is a difference in the strength of gravity between two points. If the tidal force exerted on a body is greater than the intermolecular force that keeps it together, the body will get disrupted.
◇ During a TDE, the tidal force of a black hole disrupts the star in the vicinity. While about half of the star’s debris continues on its original path, the other half is attracted by the black hole’s gravitational pull. The gradual growth of this material bound to the black hole produces a short-lived flare of emission, known as a tidal disruption event.
◇ The event is formally called AT2021ehb and took place in a galaxy with a central black hole about 10 million times the mass of our sun.
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■ e-SCR project
◇ Context: Electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project has been launched to provide the digital version of the SC’s judgements in the manner as they are reported in the official law report ‘Supreme Court Reports’
◇ The report aims to provide the entire judgement of SC (from inception in 1950 to date)
◇ The eCourts Mission Mode Project is a national eGovernance project for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) enablement of district & subordinate courts of the country.
◇ The objective of the project is to provide designated services to litigants, lawyers and the judiciary through ICT enablement of courts.
■ PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
□ MUTATION
◇ Mutation (a change in genetic material that results from an error in replication of DNA) causes new genes to arise in a population.
◇ Further, in a sexually reproducing population, meiosis and fertilization produce a new combination of genes every generation, which is termed recombination.
◇ Thus, members of the same species show ‘variation’ and are not identical.
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■ Purple Fest
◇ Context: The first-of-its-kind inclusive festival in India, ‘Purple Fest: Celebrating Diversity’ is set to begin tomorrow in Goa.
□ About Purple Fest Goa
◇ It is first of its kind inclusive festival in India that embraces, expresses and celebrates persons with disabilities.
◇ Aimed at furthering the spirit of inclusion, the Purple Fest will feature a variety of exciting live performances, sporting events, grand exhibitions, immersive experience zones, accessible movie screenings, & discussions on vital subjects like inclusive education, tourism, employment, & independent living.
◇ In recent days, purple colour has been associated with disability and denotes the contribution of a wider community of disabled people workforce.
■ New dwarf boa found in Ecuadoran Amazon
◇ Context: Scientists have discovered a new species of dwarf boa in the Ecuadoran Amazon and named it after an Indigenous activist.
□ About dwarf boa:
◇ Up to 20 centimetres (7.8 inches) long and with skin colouring similar to those of the boa constrictor — the previously unknown snake was named Tropidophis cacuangoae.
◇ The name honours early 20th-century Indigenous rights activist Dolores Cacuango.
◇ The species is unusual for having a “vestigial pelvis” characteristic of primitive snakes.
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