56616
■ SNAP-10A
◇ Context: Launched on April 3, 1965, SNAP-10A was the world’s first operational nuclear reactor in space. While it still remains in orbit, it was operational for just 43 days.
□ About nuclear reactors:
◇ A class of devices that contain and control sustained nuclear chain reactions, these systems are at the heart of any nuclear power plant.
□ Nuclear Reactor in Earth orbit:
◇ The U.S.’ first and only known space nuclear reactor, the SNAP-10A was the result of the government-sponsored System for Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP) programme, also known as SNAPSHOT for Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power Shot.
◇ The SNAP reactors had liquid sodium-potassium alloy as the coolant. A thermoelectric enriched uranium fuel with zirconium hydride as a moderator converter was used to directly convert heat from the reactor into electricity.
◇ Russia has sent quite a few of them, including one that crashed and scattered radioactive debris over Canada in 1978.
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✌️✌️ Congratulations!
Enlight IAS test series proved to be the most successful in prelims again.
A record success rate in prelims 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021. So many students cleared prelims this year!
Hear from Swati Sharma AIR 17, Ayushi Pradhan AIR 36, Anjali Shrotriya AIR 44, Aastha Singh AIR 61, Kanika AIR 64, Abhijit Ray AIR 50, Aaditya Sharma AIR 70, Sunil AIR 77, Anjali Garg AIR 79, Ashis Kumar AIR 85, Shubham Shukla AIR 43, Ankit AIR 99 and 150+ other toppers about EnlightIAS. Click here to know
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MRNA VACCINE
● Why in news?
Recently, India's first indigenous mRNA vaccine got Drugs Controller General of
India (DCGI) nod for human trial .
● About mRNA vaccine
💡 Unlike a normal vaccine, RNA vaccines work by introducing an mRNA sequence which is coded for a disease specific antigen.Once produced within the body,the antigen is recognised by the immune system, preparing it to fight the real thing.
💡 mRNA vaccines teach our cells how to make a protein that triggers an
immune response inside our bodies.
That immune response,which produces antibodies, is what protects us from getting infected if the real virus enters our bodies.
💡 mRNA vaccines can be delivered
using a number of methods, via needle- syringe injections or needle - free into
the skin, injection into the blood, muscle, lymph node or directly into organs; or via a nasal spray.
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👉 Guaranteed Evaluation in 3-4 Days
👉 Daily offline mentorship with Ankit.A geography topper
👉 GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL yearly current affairs booklet 2025-26 - GEOGRAPHIKA
**Students will get Topper's handwritten model answer booklets with GEO 300 + Batch
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Rht14 and Rht18
●Why in News?
Recently, Pune based Agharkar Research Institute, an autonomous institute of Department of Science and Technology, mapped two genes Rht14 and Rht18 in wheat.
● About Rht14 and Rht18
💡 These are two alternative dwarfing genes in wheat, associated with better seedling vigour and longer coleoptiles (sheath protecting young shoot tip).
💡 Wheat lines with these genes can reduce crop residue burning and can allow deeper sowing of wheat seeds to avail advantage of residual moisture in soil under dry environments
●About GM crops
💡 A GM crop has a gene artificially inserted into it from another species to give it some desired properties like – pest resistance, herbicide-tolerance, drought resistance etc.
💡Currently, only GM crop permitted for cultivation in India is Bt Cotton. But cultivation of illegal GM crops (Brinjal, Soyabean etc) has been reported from across states.
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👉 GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL yearly current affairs booklet 2025-26 - GEOGRAPHIKA
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■ Sagar Setu Mobile App
◇ Context: The App Version of the National Logistics Portal (Marine), named ‘Sagar-Setu’, has been launched by Ministry for Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
◇ Aim: The app will provide real-time information on vessel-related information, gate, container freight stations, and transactions, enabling digital transactions for payments.
◇ Benefits: The app will boost maritime trade, enhance the economy of the country, and increase the visibility of operations and tracking.
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■ Sebi’s SCORES platform
◇ Context: In May, Sebi’s SCORES platform resolved 2,457 complaints against companies and market intermediaries.
□ About SCORES:
◇ SEBI’s Complaints Redress System (SCORES) portal encourages investors to lodge their complaints on SCORES instead of sending physical letters. SCORES doesn’t deal with complaints against companies including Unlisted/delisted companies, sick companies or a company where a moratorium order is passed, or where the company is struck off by the Registrar of Companies (RoC).
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🚨🚨Last opportunity to join Geography Optional Test series Mains 25- (GEO 300+) cum Test Series Main's 25 Program!!
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CLASS 1
Component 1:
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☘️ Based upon PYQ & Current Affair Themes
☘️ 50+ Enrichment Sessions
☘️ Integration of Thinkers, Case Studies etc
Component 2:
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👉 Handwritten Model Answers
👉 Personalised Evaluation by Shikha Ma’am.
👉 Guaranteed Evaluation in 3-4 Days
👉 Daily offline mentorship with Ankit.A geography topper
👉 GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL yearly current affairs booklet 2025-26 - GEOGRAPHIKA
**Students will get Topper's handwritten model answer booklets with GEO 300 + Batch
For Queries, Call at 9311082312 or fill the form at https://forms.gle/dqijMWGvTa3BCU3N6
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📍SECTORS OF AN ECONOMY
The economic activities are broadly
classifed into three broad categories -
1. Primary Sector
This sector includes all those economic activities where there is the direct use of natural resources .
2. Secondary Sector
This sector is rightly called the manufacturing sector, which uses the produce of the primary sector .
3. Tertiary Sector
This sector includes all economic activities where diferent 'services’ are produced .
● Important Points :-
💡Primary sector is the case in India.
💡Since manufacturing is done by the industries, secondary sector is also called the industrial sector .
💡Tertiary sector is also known as the services sector.
■ KHAJURAHO SCHOOL.
In the central part of India, the Chandel ruler developed a distinct style of Temple making - known as Khajuraho school.
◇ Both the interior and exterior walls lavishly decorated.
◇ Scriptures generally erotic - derived inspiration from Vatsyayana's Kamasutra.
◇ Temples made of Sandstone.
◇ Temples had three chambers - Garbhagriha, mandapa and ardha - mandapa.
◇ Temples generally north or east facing.
◇ Panchayatan style of temple making was followed. Even the subsidiary shrines had rekha-prasad shikharas.
◇ Temples built on high platform.
◇ Examples :-
• Kandariya mahadeva temple
• Lakshman temple of Khajuraho
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Orientation CLASS
Session 1
Component 1:
☘️ Revise Syllabus with 300+ Qs
☘️ Based upon PYQ & Current Affair Themes
☘️ 50+ Enrichment Sessions
☘️ Integration of Thinkers, Case Studies etc
☘️ Hand written model answers
Component 2:
👉10 Sectional & 4 Full Length Tests
👉 Handwritten Model Answers
👉 Personalised Evaluation by Shikha Ma’am.
👉 Guaranteed Evaluation in 3-4 Days
👉 Daily offline mentorship with Ankit.A geography topper
👉 GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL yearly current affairs booklet 2025-26
**Students will get Topper's handwritten model answer booklets with GEO 300 + Batch
For Queries, Call at 9311082312 or fill the form at https://forms.gle/dqijMWGvTa3BCU3N6
[CLICK HERE - To watch Topper's talk with AIR 67 - Farkhanda Qureshi & Shikha Ma'am]