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■ MATSYA-6000
India’s indigenous manned submersible ‘MATSYA-6000’ plunges into the bowels of the Indian Ocean.
◇ The Indian Government launched the Samudrayaan Mission in 2021 and MATSYA is the vehicle designed for this mission.
◇ MATSYA-6000 is a manned submersible vehicle developed indigenously.
◇ It is a 6000 m depth-rated Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV).
◇ It was designed and develope by National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai under Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).
◇ The submersible can on-board a 3-person crew and dive deep at 6,000 metres.
◇ It has an endurance of 12 hours under normal operation and 96 hours in case of emergency for human safety.
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☘️Weekly sectional questions will be provided for answer writing practice, as per the topics covered in previous week, from planner.
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■ What is an AT1 bond ?
◇ AT1 bonds – sometimes known as contingent convertible bonds, or CoCos – are a type of debt issued by a bank that can be converted into equity if its capital levels fall below requirements.
□ Why AT1 Bond ?
◇ It was introduced after the global financial crisis of 2007-08, banks were asked to operate using their own permanent capital as opposed to borrowed capital. This permanent capital is termed Tier 1 capital.
◇ Now, to shore up their Tier 1 capital, banks were allowed to raise a special class of bonds known as AT1 bonds from investors. AT1 bonds, like other bonds, pay regular interest. But they do not have a maturity date, as they are a permanent part of the bank’s capital, akin to equity.
◇ AT1 bonds are the riskiest bond as the issuing bank can skip premium and interest payout if it is falling short of capital.
■ DigiClaim
◇ Context: Union Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare has launched the National Crop Insurance Portal’s digitized claim settlement module namely DigiClaim under the ambit of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
◇ Developed by the integration of the National Crop Insurance Portal (NCIP) and the Public Finance Management System (PFMS).
□ Benefits:
◇ It will disburse claims electronically, thus easing the lives of insured farmers and providing them with sustainable financial support.
◇ It is part of the Indian government’s effort to make farmers self-reliant and strong.
◇ DigiClaim will reduce claim reversal and enable farmers to track their claim settlement process in real-time through their mobile phones.
◇ Farmers’ claims will be processed directly to their respective bank accounts in a transparent and accountable manner.
■ Guillotine Closure
◇ GS is a parliamentary procedure which refers to the passage of a legislation without debate or discussion.
◇ Once the House is done with these debates, the Speaker applies the ‘guillotine’, and all outstanding demands for grants are put to vote at once.
◇ This usually happens on the last day earmarked for the discussion on the Budget.
◇ It is to ensure timely passage of the Finance Bill.
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■ Plastiglomerate
◇ Context: A team of marine biologists (working in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands) have stumbled upon a piece of rock (Plastiglomerate) made from plastic from a beach on Aves Island.
◇ This is the first such find from India.
□ What is plastiglomerate?
◇ It is a rock composed of sand, rock fragments, shells and other materials held together by plastic. It is a new form of plastic pollution, which scientists described in 2014.
◇ Laboratory analysis showed that it was made of two very commonly used plastic polymers, polyethene and polyvinyl chloride.
■ Japan to connect landlocked North East with Bangladesh
◇ Context: Landlocked Northeast India may soon get a trade gateway through Matarbari deep sea port in Bangladesh being constructed by Japan, under its Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy
□ About the News:
• Bay of Bengal Industrial Growth Belt (BIG-B) initiative: Through this initiative, Japan is helping Bangladesh develop infrastructure and Industrial Belt along Dhaka-Chittagong-Cox’s Bazar belt area and beyond.
• India-Japan Act East Forum (AEF): Through this, Japan has been supporting the development of India’s North East through connectivity to Bangladesh and Southeast Asia.
□ About Japan’s Indo-Pacific strategy: Japan will promote the Bay of Bengal-Northeast India industrial value chain concept to foster the growth of the entire region. The strategy consists of three pillars:
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■ FERNARIUM
◇ Context: Eravikulam National Park (ENP), the natural habitat of Nilgiri tahr in Munnar, has a new attraction — a Fernarium set up inside the park.
□ Fernarium:
◇ A fernarium is a type of botanical garden or greenhouse that specializes in cultivating and displaying various species of ferns.
◇ Ferns are part of the Epiphytic family. They grow naturally in a soilless condition. The plants obtain water and nutrients through leaching from trees.
◇ Ferns are a diverse group of plants that do not produce flowers or seeds but instead reproduce through spores.
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■ Laccase Enzyme
◇ Context: An enzyme called laccase generated by a group of fungi has been found capable of degrading a variety of hazardous organic dye molecules that are regularly drained into waterbodies after dying clothes in the textile industry.
◇ Enzyme promiscuity: laccase shows enzyme promiscuity (i.e., the capability of an enzyme to catalyse a reaction other than the reaction for which it has been specialized).
◇ This property can be used for designing enzyme-coated cassettes for treating heavily dye-polluted water through a natural solution to make the environment greener.
🚨🚨Dear students,Geography Enrichment (GEO 300+) cum Test Series Program is starting from 14th July!!
Component 1:
☘️Revise entire syllabus with 300+ questions & 50+ Enrichment sessions on basis of current affairs & PYQ themes. Learn integration of THINKERS, CASE STUDIES, GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS in answers.
☘️Daily 5-6 Questions will be provided along with hand written model answers.
☘️Weekly sectional questions will be provided for answer writing practice, as per the topics covered in previous week, from planner.
Component 2:
👉10 part length tests & 4 full length tests will be conducted as per planner.
👉Student’s will get handwritten model answers for tests
👉 GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL yearly current affairs booklet 2025-26 - GEOGRAPHIKA
**Students will get Topper's handwritten model answer booklets with GEO 300 + Batch.
**Admissions will be closed as soon as seats are filled.
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■ Berry borer infestation
◇ Context: The Coffee Board has issued an advisory to coffee farmers to tackle the attack of berry borer in Robusta coffee plants.
□ What is Berry borer infestation ?
◇ Berry borer infestation is a common problem in coffee production. It is caused by a small beetle called the coffee berry borer, which lays its eggs inside coffee berries.
□ Measures to control it:
◇ The berry borer-infested gleanings, leftover fruits, and off-season berries should be collected and disposed of by burning or burying them in the soil or disinfested by dipping them in boiling water to mitigate the attack in the next season.
◇ Brocca traps, an effective measure to control the berry borer population in coffee plantations, should be installed and backing irrigation should be provided for Robusta coffee plants.
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■ Upward lightning
◇ Context: Brazilian researchers recently captured high-speed video footage of positive upward discharges of electricity from lightning conductor rods in São José dos Campos
□ What is Upwards lightning?
◇ Upward lightning is a phenomenon where lightning streaks develop from tall objects that travel upward toward electrified storm clouds (opposite to normal Lightening)
□ How does it happen?
◇ Upward lightning occurs when there is a tall object, such as a building or a lightning rod, on the ground and there is an electrically charged storm cloud overhead.
◇ The tall object creates a strong electric field near the ground, and this can initiate a channel of ionized air, called an upward leader, which moves upward from the object towards the cloud.
◇ When this upward leader connects with a downward-moving stepped leader from the cloud, it completes the circuit, and a discharge of electricity flows from the cloud to the ground.
■ India’s first cloned desi Gir female calf Ganga
◇ Context: The National Dairy Research Institute ( est. 1956, under ICAR, based in Haryana’s Karnal) has produced the first-ever clone of a calf belonging to the indigenous Gir cow breed. The calf has been named Ganga.
□ Process:
◇ Scientists used three animals for producing this calf: Oocyte was taken from the Sahiwal breed, a somatic cell from the Gir breed, and a surrogate animal was a crossbreed.
□ What is Reproductive cloning?
◇ Reproductive cloning is a process by which an exact genetic replica, or clone, of an existing organism, is created through a type of cloning called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
◇ This involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a somatic cell (a non-reproductive cell) from the organism to be cloned.
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📚 UPSC और PCS की तैयारी का सबसे बेहतर मौका —
अब सफलता के रास्ते होंगे और भी आसान Sanskriti IAS के साथ।
📅 ऑफ़र वैधताः 27 जून तक
📞 हेल्पलाइन: 9555-124-124
🌐 वेबसाइट: https://www.sanskritiias.com/courses
👉 जल्दी करें, सीटें सीमित हैं!
📌 छूट नहीं, सुनहरा मौका है!