UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

22 Jun 2024 11:48

CHENAB RIVER

Syllabus: INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Context: Indian Railways achieved a historic milestone by conducting a successful trial run on the Chenab Rail Bridge.

Decoding the context: Standing 1,178 feet above the Chenab River, the bridge is 35 metres taller than Paris’ iconic Eiffel Tower. The bridge runs between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir, and forms a crucial link from Katra to Banihal.

Learning Points:

* The Chenab River originates near the Bara Lacha Pass in the Zaskar Range’s Lahul-Spiti region in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

* It is formed by the confluence of two rivers: the Chandra and Bhaga rivers at Tandi.

* In its upper reaches, it is also known as the Chandrabhaga.

* The Chenab flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir before joining the Indus River from Pakistan’s Punjab plains.

  It flows west through Jammu and Kashmir union territory, between the steep cliffs of the Siwalik Range (south) and the Lesser Himalayas (north).

  Turning southwest, it continues into Pakistan, descending from the uplands into the broad alluvial lowlands of Punjab province.

  After receiving the Jhelum River near Trimmu, the Chenab empties into the Sutlej River, a tributary of the Indus River.

* According to the Indus Water Treaty, Pakistan is entitled to the Chenab’s waters.

* The tributaries of the Chenab River include Miyar Nalla, Sohal, Thirot, Bhut Nalla, Marusudar, and Lidrari.

* Notably, the world’s highest railway bridge, the Chenab Bridge, spans this river in Jammu and Kashmir.

* The bridge is part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla rail link project and stands at an impressive 1,315 meters long and 359 meters above the riverbed level, making it the world’s highest railway bridge.

* The Chenab Bridge was designed with innovative features, including blast resistance and reduced maintenance efforts, reflecting engineering excellence in challenging terrain.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:23

Q4. With reference to the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), consider the following statements:

1.  It is a federal police organization in India operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

2.  Its security umbrella covers critical infrastructure facilities such as nuclear installations, space establishments, airports, seaports, and power plants.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:18

Q2. With reference to the Minimum Support Prices (MSP), consider the following statements:

1.  The government announces MSP for 24 major agricultural commodities twice a year.

2.  MSP announces after the Kharif and Rabi sowing seasons.

3.  The MSP is determined based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:10

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:07

NATIONAL REGISTER OF CITIZENS (NRC)

Syllabus: POLITY AND GOVERNACE

Context: A former State Coordinator of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam has flagged grave anomalies in the NRC updating exercise that has been paused since August 2019.

Learning Points:

* The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register of all Indian citizens.

* Its creation was mandated by the 2003 amendment of the Citizenship Act, 1955.

* The purpose of the NRC is to document legal citizens of India, allowing authorities to identify and deport illegal immigrants.

* The National Register of Citizens (NRC) was first implemented in the northeastern state of Assam.

* The process began in 2013–2014, with the aim of documenting all Indian citizens and identifying illegal immigrants.

* However, it has not yet been implemented nationwide.

* In Assam, the final updated NRC, published in August 2019, included 31 million names out of a population of 33 million, leaving out 1.9 million applicants and potentially rendering them stateless.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:00

RED SEA

Syllabus: WORLD GEOGRAPHY

Context: A Merchant Ship sank in the Red Sea days after an attack by Yemen’s Houthi rebels.

Learning Points:

* The Red Sea is a semi-enclosed inlet of the Indian Ocean located between the continents of Africa and Asia.

Geographic Location:

* The Red Sea extends from the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in the south to the Gulf of Suez in the north.

* It lies between the Sinai Peninsula (northern boundary) and the Gulf of Aqaba.

* The Red Sea is approximately 2,250 kilometers (1,400 miles) long and 355 kilometers (221 miles) wide.

* It is part of the Great Rift Valley of Africa.

* The Red Sea is one of the saltiest seas globally, with an average salinity of about 40%.

* Factors contributing to this high salinity include intense evaporation due to the region’s hot climate, minimal rainfall, and the absence of freshwater rivers.

Countries Bordering the Red Sea:

*   Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti are the six countries that share coastlines with the Red Sea.

* Each of these nations has its own unique culture, history, and traditions.

Importance:

* The Red Sea serves as a crucial maritime corridor connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Suez Canal.

* It facilitates the flow of goods and resources between Europe and Asia.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:57

Q3. With reference to the Krishi Sakhi Convergence Programme (KSCP), consider the following statements:

1.  It aims to transform rural India through the empowerment of rural Women as Krishi Sakhi, by imparting training and certification of Krishi Sakhis as Para-extension Workers.

2.  Krishi Sakhis undergoes comprehensive training, including modules on agro-ecological practices, farmer field schools, soil health, livestock management, and more.

3.  This certification course aligns with the objectives of the “Lakhpati Didi” Program.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:44

Q1. Consider the following statements:

Statement-I:

The European Commission (EC) is an institution within the European Union.

Statement-II:

The European Commission oversees the day-to-day operations and policy implementation of the European Union.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

(b)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

(c)  Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

(d)  Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:42

KRISHI SAKHI CONVERGENCE PROGRAM (KSCP)

Syllabus: GOVERNMENT SCHEMES

Context: Recently, the Prime Minister of India granted certificates to over 30,000 women from Self Help Groups (SHGs) as ‘Krishi Sakhis’ under the Krishi Sakhi Convergence Programme (KSCP).

Learning Points:

* Krishi Sakhi convergence program (KSCP) aims to transform rural India through the empowerment of rural Women as Krishi Sakhi, by imparting training and certification of Krishi Sakhis as Para-extension Workers.

* This certification course aligns with the objectives of the “Lakhpati Didi” Program.

* Under the 'Lakhpati Didi' program, the aim is to create 3 crore Lakhpati Didis, one dimension of which is Krishi Sakhi.

Training Modules:

* Krishi Sakhis undergo comprehensive training, including modules on agro-ecological practices, farmer field schools, soil health, livestock management, and more.

* After training, Krishi Sakhis take a proficiency test. Those who qualify become certified Para-extension Workers, enabling them to undertake various agricultural activities.
Employment Opportunities:

* Krishi Sakhis can engage in activities related to soil health, crop demonstrations, crop insurance, horticulture awareness, and rainfed area development, earning resource fees for their services.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:41

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC)

Syllabus: INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

Context: The European Commission (EC) has indeed proposed anti-dumping duties on Indian optical fibre cable (OFC) manufacturers. If implemented, the duties would increase the cost of Indian OFC exports, potentially limiting their competitiveness in the European market. India exported nearly Rs 39,600 crore worth of OFC in 2024, with Europe being a major destination.

Learning Points:

* The European Commission (EC) is a crucial institution within the European Union (EU).

* It serves as the EU’s executive arm, overseeing day-to-day operations and policy implementation.

Composition:

* The EC consists of a College of Commissioners, with each member representing one of the 27 EU member states. The President of the Commission leads this group of Commissioners.

Functions:

* Executive Role: The EC manages the EU’s administrative affairs, executing policies and decisions.

* Legislative Role: It proposes new laws to the European Parliament.

* Judicial Role: The EC interprets and applies EU law.

Priorities:

* The Commission focuses on various areas, including the economy, environment, education, and fundamental rights.

* It also plays a crucial role in international relations and humanitarian aid.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:23

Q4. Consider the following statements:

Statement-I:

Digi Yatra Initiative is a project by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to create a Biometric Enabled Seamless Travel experience (BEST) using Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) for passengers at airports.

Statement-II:

Digi Yatra aligns with the Digital India vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

(b)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

(c)  Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

(d)  Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:18

Q2. With reference to the E. coli, consider the following statements:

1.  E. coli is a type of bacteria that can be found in the intestines of humans and animals.
2.  It can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food and water.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:16

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:15

DIGI YATRA

Syllabus: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Context: The CEO of Digi Yatra Foundation, has indicated that the vision is to enhance seamless movement across India by including hotels, rail travel, and public places in the Digi Yatra system.

Learning Points:

* Digi Yatra Initiative is a project by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to create a Biometric Enabled Seamless Travel experience (BEST) using Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) for passengers at airports.

*  The primary goal is to streamline the boarding process and enhance the airport experience by eliminating manual verification of tickets and IDs at various checkpoints.

* It provides a decentralized mobile wallet-based identity management platform which is cost effective and addresses privacy/data protection issues in implementation of Digi Yatra.

* Digi Yatra aligns with the Digital India vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society.

Digi Yatra Foundation:

* It has been set up as a joint venture (JV) company in 2019 under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013.

* The Foundation was formed, with the objective of creating the Digi Yatra Central Ecosystem (DYCE).

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:14

HINDU KUSH HIMALAYA (HKH)

Syllabus: GEOGRAPHY

Context: A recent report by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) analysed data on snow persistence from 2003 to 2024 and found it to be significantly lower than normal in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) this year. Snow persistence is the fraction of the time that snow remains on the ground.

Learning Points:

*  The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, often referred to as the Third Pole due to its extensive snow and ice cover.

* It spans across eight countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.

* It stretches over 3,500 kilometers.

* The HKH range is known for its rugged terrain and towering peaks, including several of the world’s highest mountains, such as Mount Everest and K2.

* The region covers approximately 4.2 million square kilometers, providing a diverse range of ecosystems from subtropical forests at lower elevations to alpine meadows and permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations.

*  It is the source of ten large Asian river systems – the Amu Darya, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra (Yarlungtsanpo), Irrawaddy, Salween (Nu), Mekong (Lancang), Yangtse (Jinsha), Yellow River (Huanghe), and Tarim (Dayan).

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

22 Jun 2024 11:41

CAECILIAN SPECIES

Syllabus: ENVIRONMENT

Context: New species of Striped Caecilian (Ichthyophis spp) discovered in Kaziranga Tiger Reserve. The tiger reserve houses 24 species of amphibians and 74 species of reptiles. It is also home to 21 of the 29 species of tortoises and freshwater turtles found in India.

Learning Points:

* The Caecilians are elongated, segmented, limbless amphibians.

* They resemble earthworms or snakes due to their lack of limbs.

* Some species are eyeless, while others have small hidden eyes.

Classification:

* Caecilians belong to the order Gymnophiona (or Apoda), which means “without legs.”

* They share a group with frogs and salamanders.

Habitat:

* Most caecilians inhabit moist tropical and subtropical regions.

* Their distribution spans South and Central America, South and Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

* Caecilians are primarily terrestrial, spending much of their lives underground.

* They burrow in forests, grasslands, savannas, shrublands, and wetlands.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:20

Q3. Consider the following statements:

Statement-I:

The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register of all Indian citizens.

Statement-II:

The purpose of the NRC is to document legal citizens of India, allowing authorities to identify and deport illegal immigrants.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

(b)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

(c)  Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

(d)  Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:15

Q1. With reference to the Red Sea, consider the following statements:

1. The Red Sea extends from the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in the south to the Gulf of Suez in the north.

2. It is part of the Great Rift Valley of Africa.

3. It serves as a crucial maritime corridor connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Suez Canal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:09

CENTRAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY FORCE (CISF)

Syllabus: POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

Context: The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has not received the formal orders to take over the security at the Parliament.

Learning Points:

* The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is a federal police organization in India operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

* It is one of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) and provides security to over 356 industrial units, government infrastructure projects, and establishments across the country.

* Established in 1969, the CISF has grown into a premier multi-skilled force with a current strength of 177,713 personnel.

* Its security umbrella covers critical infrastructure facilities such as nuclear installations, space establishments, airports, seaports, and power plants.

* Additionally, the CISF safeguards important government buildings, iconic heritage monuments, and the Delhi Metro.

* The force also has a specialized VIP Security vertical that ensures round-the-clock protection for important dignitaries.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

21 Jun 2024 09:05

MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICES (MSP)

Syllabus: ECONOMY

Context: The Union Cabinet has approved an increase in the Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for all mandated kharif crops for the marketing season 2024-25. The decision aligns with the government’s policy of keeping MSPs at least 1.5 times above the cost of production.

Learning Points:

* The MSP is the minimum price set by the Indian government for select crops raised during the kharif (monsoon) and rabi (winter) seasons.

* It ensures that farmers receive a remunerative price for their produce, even if market prices fall below this threshold.

* It encourages continued investment in agriculture by providing profit assurance.
Announcement and Purchase

Operations:

* The government announces MSP for 24 major agricultural commodities twice a year, before the Kharif (summer) and Rabi (winter) sowing seasons.

* Purchase operations are organized through public and cooperative agencies.

Crop Selection and Investment:

* By announcing MSP before the sowing season, it helps farmers make informed decisions on crop selection.

* It encourages investment in modern techniques and high-yielding varieties, enhancing overall agricultural productivity.

Food Security:

* MSP incentivizes the production of essential crops like wheat, rice, and pulses.

* This contributes to food security by ensuring an adequate supply of staple foods.

Role of Food Corporation of India (FCI):

* The FCI is responsible for actual procurement for the Public Distribution System (PDS) and buffer stock operations.

* The FCI purchases the produce at the “procurement price”, which may see a minor increase to account for inflation between sowing and harvesting times.

Determinants of MSP:

* The MSP is determined based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

* Factors considered include cost of production, changes in input prices, market trends, and demand-supply situations.

State Government Bonus:

* State governments may add a bonus to the MSP, enhancing the remuneration received by farmers for their produce.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 10:01

Q4. With reference to the Nalanda University, consider the following statements:

1. Nalanda University was founded during the reign of the Kumaragupta I.

2. Initially it was dedicated to Buddhist studies.

3. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:54

Q2. Consider the following states:

1. Himachal Pradesh
2. Punjab
3. Haryana
4. Rajasthan

The Ghaggar river flows through how many of the above - mentioned states in India?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:42

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:41

GHAGGAR RIVER

Syllabus: GEOGRAPHY

Context: Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann recently conducted an on-site review of flood-prone areas along the Ghaggar River. This proactive move aims to mitigate flood risks in Punjab and assess the preparedness for the upcoming monsoon season. Notably, this approach represents a significant shift from past practices, where state visits occurred post-flooding.

Learning Points:

* The Ghaggar river rises from the Shivalik Range in northwestern Himachal Pradesh.

* It is a seasonal river that flows only during the monsoon season.

* The Ghaggar River flows through four states in India: Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan

* The Hakra, which flows in Pakistan, is the continuation of the Ghaggar River in India, and they are together called the Ghaggar - Hakra River.

* Before reaching the Ottu barrage, it is known as the Ghaggar.

* Downstream of the barrage, it becomes the Hakra and flows through the Thar Desert in Pakistan.

* It dries up in the Great Indian (Thar) Desert.

Historical Significance:

*  In pre-Harappan times, the Ghaggar was a tributary of the Sutlej River.

* The Sutlej changed its course around 8,000-10,000 years ago, leaving the Ghaggar-Hakra as a system of monsoon-fed rivers terminating in the Thar Desert.

*  The Indus Valley Civilization thrived along the dried-up Hakra riverbed in Pakistan.
Sarasvati River Connection:

* Scholars have suggested that the Ghaggar-Hakra might be the defunct remains of the Sarasvati River mentioned in the Rig Veda.

*Despite drying up, it still holds historical and cultural significance.

Tributaries:

* The main tributaries of the Ghaggar are the Kaushalya River, Markanda, Sarsuti, Tangri, and Chautang.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

20 Jun 2024 09:38

NALANDA UNIVERSITY

Syllabus: ANCIENT HISTORY

Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the ancient Nalanda site after the inauguration of the new campus of Nalanda University in Rajgir, Bihar.

Learning Points:

* Nalanda, an ancient centre of higher learning in Bihar, India, holds a remarkable history spanning from 427 to 1197 AD.

* Nalanda University holds World Heritage Site status, recognized by UNESCO. Its historical significance and architectural marvels have earned it this prestigious designation.

Founding and Evolution:

* Nalanda University was founded during the reign of the Gupta dynasty by Kumaragupta I (also known as Kumaragupta the Great) in the early 5th century CE.

*  Initially dedicated to Buddhist studies, Nalanda evolved over time to encompass a diverse curriculum, including fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics, and the art of warfare.

*  Its sprawling campus featured eight separate compounds, ten temples, meditation halls, classrooms, serene lakes, and lush parks.

* Nalanda University holds World Heritage Site status, recognized by UNESCO.

*  Its historical significance and architectural marvels have earned it this prestigious designation.

Patronage and Fame:

* King Harsha: Under the patronage of King Harsha, Nalanda flourished and reached its zenith. Generous grants and support from various rulers contributed to its growth and reputation.

* Academic Excellence: Nalanda gained fame not only for its sheer size but also for its commitment to academic excellence. Its vast library, known as the “Dharma Gunj,” housed countless scrolls, manuscripts, and texts from different parts of the world. This library played a pivotal role in the dissemination of wisdom across borders.

*  Renowned Scholars: Nalanda was home to renowned scholars such as Nagarjuna, Aryadeva, and Dharmapala, whose contributions to Buddhism and other fields of study are still revered today.

Challenges and Destruction:

* Hunas Invasion: Nalanda faced notable attacks during its history. The first attack occurred between 455 and 470 AD when the Hunas, a Central Asian tribal group, invaded Nalanda during the reign of Emperor Samudragupta of the Gupta Empire.

*  End of an Era: Despite its resilience, Nalanda faced decline and eventual destruction around AD 1197.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:20

Q3. With reference to the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), consider the following statements:

1.  The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is designed to ensure a fair price on carbon emissions produced during the manufacturing of carbon-intensive goods entering the EU.

2.   It aims to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries.

3.  The transitional phase of CBAM began in October 2023, with a full implementation expected from January 1, 2026.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:16

Q1. Consider the following rivers:
1.  Indus
2.  Ganga
3.  Brahmaputra
4.  Mekong

How many of the above given rivers originate from the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region?

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:15

EU CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM (CBAM)

Syllabus: ENVIRONMENT

Context: British wind and solar farms exporting power to continental Europe could face CO2 fees from 2026 - even though they don't produce any emissions - unless the UK and European Union can agree changes around the EU's carbon border tax.

Learning Points:

* The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is designed to ensure a fair price on carbon emissions produced during the manufacturing of carbon-intensive goods entering the EU.

* It aims to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries.

EU’s Climate Goals:

*  The EU has committed to reducing its carbon emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.

* The Carbon Border Tax is part of this effort, targeting import-related emissions which account for 20% of CO2 emissions.

Implementation:

* The transitional phase of CBAM began in October 2023, with a full implementation expected from January 1, 2026.

Impact on Trade:

* There are concerns about increased costs for non-EU exports, including India’s metal exports to EU countries.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

19 Jun 2024 09:15

E-COLI CONTAMINATION

Syllabus: ENVIRONMENT

Context: Over 300 residents of a 15-tower residential building at Kochi, reported vomiting and diarrhoea in a suspected case of E-coli contamination in drinking water.

Learning Points:

*  E-coli, or Escherichia coli, is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines of people and animals.

* While most strains are harmless, some can cause serious food poisoning and infection.

* The most familiar strains of E. coli that make one sick by producing a toxin called Shiga.

*  E-coli can lead to diarrhea, urinary tract infections, respiratory illness, pneumonia, and other illnesses.

* It’s often spread through contaminated food or water, or through contact with animals or persons.

*  Treatment for E-coli infection typically focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration, as most cases resolve on their own without the need for antibiotics.

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS SIMPLIFIED

27 May 2024 08:18

Q2. With reference to the Election Commission of India (ECI), consider the following statements:

1.  The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India. 

2.  The President of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.

3.  The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed through a process similar to that of a Supreme Court judge.

How many of the statements given above are correct?