58520
Prelims info from newspaper articles will be posted here as summary McQ : @Quizhighlights Contact : @vikas_kanukollu between 9:30Pm and 10:00 PM daily for prep related queries
#SnT
✅Calixcoca Vaccine
🅾️What?- treatment for cocaine and crack addiction- aims to disrupt the effects of cocaine by triggering an immune response in the body
🅾️How?- By preventing the drug from reaching the brain and providing the pleasurable “high” associated with its use. When injected, the drug produces antibodies as immune response. These antibodies attach to cocaine in your blood, making it bigger. This makes it impossible for cocaine to get into the part of your brain responsible for feeling rewarded or high (mesolimbic system).
🅾️Note : Calixcoca is designed for recovering addicts who have already discontinued cocaine use and seek assistance in maintaining their sobriety.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
#Geography #Economy
✅ Major vs Minor ports
🅾From just one big port, Mundra, in 2001, the Adani Group today has grown to be the largest private operator with as many as 14 ports and terminals handling a quarter of all cargo passing through the country’s ports.
🅾Amongst ports that are not under the Central government, Adani’s market share has crossed the 50 per cent mark.
🅾On key indicators of port efficiency like turnaround time — the duration between entry and exit of a cargo ship — Adani’s ports outperform the government’s- but there are concerns of it becoming a monopoly.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
#SnT
✅Genetically modified bacteria degrade plastics in saltwater
🅾️What?- Marine bacterium genetically modified to break down polyethene terephthalate (PET) plastic
which contributes to microplastic pollution in the oceans
🅾️Which organism?- Vibrio natriegens bacterium reproduces quickly and thrives in saltwater-Enzymes from another bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis, were incorporated into Vibrio natriegens to break down PET Vibrio natriegens produced enzymes on the surface of its cells to break down PET in saltwater at room temperature
⚠️Three significant hurdles remain: incorporating the DNA into Vibrio natriegens genome, modifying it to feed on byproducts and produce a desirable end product
🅾️Collaboration with industry groups to determine marketable molecules is possible
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅VK IAS subject wise channels
Click here
#Polity
✅Process of symbol allocation in Indian politics
🅾️By ?- Election commission of India
🅾️How?- The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968
🅾️Recognized national and state parties are granted exclusive symbols, Unrecognized registered parties=can choose from a pool of free, non-exclusive symbols-symbols are open for selection by other parties in subsequent elections.
🅾️Can unregistered parties suggest new symbols?- YES- provided they do not resemble existing symbols, have no religious or communal connotations, and do not depict animals or birds
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅GS3- Science and Technology- Significance of FRB
🅾️Also read Gamma Ray Burst?- Click here
🅾️Fast Radio Burst - Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Economy #GovtScheme
✅Setu Bandhan Scheme
🅾️What- an initiative under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways-to enhance inter-state connectivity, particularly in rural border areas
🅾️How?- aims to replace railway line Level Crossings (LCs) with Road Over Bridges (ROBs) or Rail Under Bridges (RUBs)
🅾️Funding?- Central Road and Infrastructure Fund (CRIF)-Established in 2000 through the Central Road Fund Act, 2000 -falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance.The fund is financed through a cess levied in conjunction with excise duty on petrol and diesel.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Environment
✅Dhanauri Wetland
🅾️What?- a bird-watching area in UP- NGT asked UP govt to confirm if site gets the Ramsar tag or not
🅾️Home to over 120 Sarus cranes (Sarus Cranes is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh)- has 1% of the biogeographic Sarus crane population.
🅾️Important Bird Area by Bird Life International and has been documented by the BNHS (Bombay Natural History Society).
⚠️Observe : What is the central Asian Flyway?- is this on the central asian flyway?- What about Haidepur wetland and Tso Kar Wetland Complex
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#IR
✅Geneva Conventions
🔰1st Geneva Convention:
📍Protects wounded and sick soldiers on land during war.
📍Primarily focuses on those in the field of battle.
🔰 2nd Geneva Convention:
📍Protects wounded, sick, and shipwrecked military personnel at sea during war.
📍Applies to situations at sea during armed conflicts.
🔰3rd Geneva Convention:
📍Applies to prisoners of war (POWs).
📍Sets out rules for the treatment of captured military personnel.
🔰4th Geneva Convention:
📍Affords protection to civilians during armed conflicts, including in occupied territories.
📍Emphasizes the rights and treatment of non-combatants and civilians affected by war
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Environment
✅ Ecological armageddon
🅾️What?- Term used to describe the devastating decline of insect populations around the world
🅾️Why are insects important?- insects pollinate, cycle nutrients and provide food for other animals.
🅾️Context : Recently damselfly species has been discovered in Kerala’s southern Western Ghats.Researchers from MIT-World Peace University in Pune named the insect ‘Armageddon reedtail’ or protosticta armageddonia, to draw attention to the global decline of insect populations due to rampant habitat loss and climate change
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Mobilization Banking= PCA framework.VERY Important for prelims
➡️What is Prompt Corrective Action?- Previously I explained about PCA in our crash course video- But now RBI came up with an Update. Watch it . Below is the link. Now it is going to be applicable for state owned NBFCs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6S0tyM2kUc
👆👆👆
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#GS1-#Art_and_Culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Yom Kippur war
🎖Join
@historyhighlights for high value history snippets from news
#Agriculture #Environment
✅Punjab to Ban PUSA-44 Paddy Variety
🅾️Reason : PUSA-44 has an extended maturity period, requiring about 160 days to mature, which is approximately 35 to 40 days longer than other paddy varieties-necessitates 5-6 additional cycles of irrigation- worsens issue of groundwater depletion in Punjab.
🅾️Speciality of PUSA 44 : High yields= 36 to 40 quintals per acre compared to the average of 28 to 30 quintals per acre.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
➡️New mentorship batch starts : Click here
#SnT
✅NanoPTA
🅾️What?- Indian Institute of Science (IISc) innovation for Wastewater treatment and potential medical diagnostics. It can effectively degrade toxic chemicals in industrial wastewater when exposed to sunlight.
➡️What is so special about this?- addresses the limitations of natural enzymes- Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions.Producing them has limitations such as sensitivity to damage, complex production processes, high costs, and difficulty in recycling.
➡️How NanoPtA is better?
⚜️Enzyme Mimetic: Mimics natural enzymes with high Stability: Lasts up to 75 days at room temperature.
⚜️Platinum-Containing Nanozyme: Can be converted into powder form-Highly effective on certain substrates-Withstands pH and temperature changes.
⚜️Efficiency: Degraded pollutants within 10 minutes when exposed to sunlight.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
➡️New mentorship batch starts : Click here
#Environment
✅Gs-3 : Conservation - the menace of invasive alien species - Conocarpus banned by Gujarat and Telangana
🔰Background-Read about cartagena and nagoya protocol
✅Examples : These examples are very important for prelims
⚜️Prosopsis Julifera- vilayati kikar-Threats to the Biodiversity of Aravallis
⚜️Use this as a stat for the impact of Biodiversity loss due to invasive alien species- Click here
⚜️ Temparate Montane Grasslands-IAS
⚜️ Forked fanwort in kerala water bodies
⚜️Cestrum nocturnum
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
➡️New mentorship batch starts : Click here
#Economy
✅Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (Appointment and Conditions of Service of President and Members) Rules, 2023
🅾️Created by?- The Finance Ministry
🅾️For? governing the appointment and conditions of service for the president and members of Goods and Services Tax (GST) Appellate Tribunals.
🅾️Age limits- The maximum age limit for the president has been set at 70 years, while members should not exceed 67 years of age.
🅾️GSTAT Benches-31 benches of GSTAT- across 28 states and 8 Union Territories.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
✅VK IAS subject wise channels
Click here
#SnT
✅White Phosphorus:
⚜️Used in military operations, creating smoke screens and incendiary devices.
⚜️Environmental dangers associated with its use.
⚜️Concerns over causing severe burns and suffering.
⚜️Restrictions under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW).Not covered by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) when used as an incendiary weapon, not for chemical warfare. White phosphorus, although a chemical agent and toxic, is not covered by the CWC
➡️Incendiary Weapons:
🅾️Protocol III under CCW defines incendiary weapons.
🅾️White phosphorus munitions are primarily for illuminating and smokescreen effects.
🅾️Not effectively regulated by Protocol III.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Economy
✅Purple Economy
🅾️Also called -care economy- obtains its name from the color adopted by many feminist movements
🅾️It represents a new vision of economics that recognizes the importance of care work, empowerment and autonomy of women to the functioning of the economies, wellbeing of societies and life sustainability
🅾️Like the green economy’s call for internalizing environmental costs, the Purple Economy calls for the internalization of the costs of care
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#GS1-#Art_and_Culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Gs-3 : Defence technology- Project Udbhav- Integration with ancient Indian military wisdom
✅Prelims pointers : Nitisara and arthashastra are written by______??
➡️Join : @historyhighlights for History news.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#GS1-#Art_and_Culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Satavahana Dynasty- Andhra
🅾️What?- store this map- Look at the locations given in the map- Ancient port cities-this is an important theme for UPSC Prelims- often questions are asked on their history- some important ancient ports are : I told this last year as well- read this news
➡️Join : @historyhighlights for History news.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights -for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Geography #Placesinnews
✅Rafah Crossing
🅾️What?- border crossing point between the Gaza Strip and Egypt
🅾️One of the few access points for people and goods to enter or exit the Gaza Strip
🅾️Egypt has maintained strict movement restrictions at the Rafah crossing for years to avoid refugees exodus into egypt and also to avoid jihadists linked to Al Qaeda
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Agriculture #Economy #Geography
✅Gs-3 : Agriculture- Water usage
🔰Data and facts channel : https://t.me/joinchat/R4ywsrzO1P05ZmFl
#Geography #Placesinnews
✅Okavango Delta
🅾️What?- UNESCO World Heritage site in the Kalahari Desert-originates in the highlands of Angola.
🅾️Issue- Ecological destruction due to man made factors- oil extraction
⚠️Special feature?- Okavango Delta is the world's largest inland delta, It's a rare wetland that doesn't flow to the sea and floods annually during the dry season.-Okavango River is the fourth longest river in Southern Africa.
➡️Animals aren’t the only inhabitants of the delta. The Basarwa - Kalahari Bushmen, southern Africa's first inhabitants , live in the Moremi Game Reserve on the eastern side. The five tribes use the area for fishing, growing crops and hunting.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅Multimodal AI
🅾️What is it?- An AI model that gives better quality outputs using diverse data types such as text, images, and audio.
🅾️Which companies are deploying these?
⚜️1. OpenAIs ChatGPT: working on a project named "Gobi," which aims to create a multimodal AI system from scratch
⚜️2. Google's Gemini Model: yet-to-be-released multimodal large language model Gemini.
⚜️3. Also- Also Meta announced a new open-source AI multimodal system called ImageBind
⚜️4. Speech translation models, such as Google Translate and Meta's (i.e. Facebook) SeamlessM4T->
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅Aditya L-1 : Trajectory Correction Maneuver
🅾️Possible Question : Whether MoM needed TCM or not?
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Govtpolicy #Economy #Polity
✅TRAI regulation- over OTT
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#GovtScheme #Polity #Economy
✅National Turmeric Board
🅾️Leading Turmeric-Producing States : Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu are among the leading states in India for turmeric cultivation
🅾️Importance of Turmeric in India- India is the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of turmeric globally.
🅾️Purpose : to promote and develop the turmeric industry and its related products within India-for increasing the demand for turmeric products and boosting production
🅾️Composition of the Board : The NTB will have a Chairperson appointed by the central government.A secretary will be appointed to the board by the Commerce Ministry.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
➡️New mentorship batch starts : Click here
#Environment
✅Satkosia tiger Reserve
🅾️Context : Odisha disputes AITE 2022's accuracy, citing low sampling intensity in the state compared to Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
🅾️Note : Pug Marks-Pug marks are tiger footprints in mud. Experts measure them to guess how many tigers there are. It's an old way but not always accurate as soil can be washed away etc.Camera Traps- In this Cameras in the forest take pictures of tigers when they move by. The pictures help experts count and identify tigers more accurately.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
➡️New mentorship batch starts : Click here
#Geography #Placesinnews
✅Gurez Valley
🅾️Context : The high-altitude passes within the Gurez valley, located in northern Kashmir, are now linked to the Mushkoh valley in the Drass Sector of Kargil, Ladakh. This region was a significant site during the 1999 war.
🔰Short notes :
📍High-altitude road: Gurez Valley to Mushkoh Valley
📍Significance: 1999 Kargil War site
📍Length: 130 km
📍Highest Pass: Kaobal Gali (4,166.9 meters)
➡️Surez Valley
⚜️Location: Near Line of Control (LoC)
⚜️Inhabitants: Ethnic Dards/Shins, Shina language
⚜️Unique: Buduaab village, Zumba yak
⚜️Role: Kargil War
⚜️Features: Log houses, diverse fauna (brown bear, snow leopard)
⚜️Tourism: 50,000 tourists, 38,000 inhabitants
➡️Mushkoh Valley
⚜️Location: Dras, Ladakh
⚜️Notoriety: Tiger Hill battle, India-Pakistan conflict
⚜️Unique: "Valley of wild tulips," Himalayan yew
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
➡️New mentorship batch starts : Click here