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Preparation for WAEC examinations🙇🏽♂️💯 Nothing but ditto ditto questions and solutions
Wassce 23 marking is starting, this is the time to trace papers you genuinely know you won’t perform well in.
Orientation and Coordination have already been done.
text @Dit0Dit0 for your scripts to be traced now to avoid bad grades
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Most papers haven’t been distributed for marking yet with the exception of only practical papers
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4a i. Bond energy, also known as bond dissociation energy, is the amount of energy required to break a chemical bond in a molecule, separating it into its individual atoms. It is typically measured in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or electronvolts (eV).
ii, Two uses of bond energy values are:
Predicting Chemical Reactions: Bond energy values can be used to predict whether a chemical reaction is likely to be exothermic (releasing energy) or endothermic (absorbing energy). If the energy required to break bonds in reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds form in products, the reaction is endothermic, and vice versa.
Designing and Understanding Molecules: Chemists use bond energy values to design and understand molecules. By knowing the strength of chemical bonds, they can design molecules with specific properties or study the stability of existing molecules. For example, in drug design, knowledge of bond energies helps in designing molecules that will interact favorably with biological target
4c. When a sample is analyzed using a mass spectrometer, the following steps typically occur:
Ionization: The sample is first ionized, meaning that atoms or molecules in the sample are converted into ions by either electron impact, laser ablation, or other ionization methods. This process results in the creation of positively or negatively charged species.
Mass Separation: The generated ions are then accelerated and passed through a mass analyzer, which separates them based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). This step involves the application of electric and magnetic fields, causing the ions to follow curved paths depending on their mass and charge.
Detection: As ions of different masses reach the detector, they generate electrical signals proportional to their abundance. The detector records these signals, creating a mass spectrum. The mass spectrum displays the relative abundance of ions at different m/z values.
Data Analysis: The resulting mass spectrum is analyzed to determine the mass-to-charge ratios of the ions present, as well as their relative abundances. This information can be used to identify the chemical composition of the sample, including the identification of specific molecules or elements.
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PRE TECH, Home Economics & Visual Arts
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Physics 3 (Practical) (Alternative C)
Solution to Q2 & Q3
Ditto ditto ✅
2nd Set enjoy , paper will start at 11:40 am
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QUESTION 2b
2. (b) (i) Dispersion of light refers to the phenomenon where white light, composed of a mixture of different colors, is separated into its component colors when passing through a medium such as a prism or a drop of water. This separation occurs because different colors of light have different wavelengths and therefore different refractive indices, causing them to bend or refract at different angles.
2. (b) (ii) If the refractive index of medium P is twice that of medium Q, the angle of refraction can be calculated using Snell's law:
n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂)
Given:
n₁ = refractive index of medium P
n₂ = refractive index of medium Q
θ₁ = angle of incidence
θ₂ = angle of refraction
Since n₁ = 2n₂,
2n₂sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂)
By simplifying the equation, we find:
2sin(θ₁) = sin(θ₂)
To solve for the angle of refraction, you would need the value of the angle of incidence (θ₁).
QUESTION 3b
3. (b) (i) The distinction between emf (electromotive force) and potential difference:
- Emf (electromotive force) is the energy supplied by a source, such as a battery or a generator, per unit charge in an electric circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the maximum potential difference across a source when no current is flowing.
- Potential difference, also known as voltage, is the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the actual voltage drop across a component or a part of a circuit when current is flowing.
3. (b) (ii) Two electronic devices that do not obey Ohm's law are:
- Diodes: Diodes are electronic components that allow electric current to flow in one direction only. The voltage-current relationship in a diode is nonlinear and does not follow Ohm's law.
- Transistors: Transistors are semiconductor devices that amplify or switch electronic signals. The relationship between voltage and current in transistors is highly complex and not linear, hence not following Ohm's law.
3. (b) (iii) Two electrical devices that do not obey Ohm's law are:
- Incandescent light bulbs: The resistance of incandescent light bulbs changes with variations in temperature, causing their current-voltage relationship to deviate from Ohm's law.
- Electric arcs (e.g., in electric welding): Electric arcs involve highly ionized gas and the current-voltage relationship in an arc is highly nonlinear, not following Ohm's law.
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CHEMISTRY
Solution to Q1 (Compulsory)
Ditto ditto
Complete
1. (a) Polymerization is the chemical process by which small molecular units, called monomers, are chemically bonded together to form a large molecule known as a polymer. This process involves the repetitive bonding of monomers to form the polymer chain.
1. (b) Three characteristics of an equilibrium reaction are:
- The reaction occurs in both the forward and reverse directions simultaneously.
- The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
- The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, although the actual amounts may vary.
1. (c) The reaction of dilute H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) with solid CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) stops after some time because the reaction produces carbon dioxide gas (CO2). As this gas is released, it forms a layer around the solid CaCO3, creating a protective barrier that slows down or stops further reaction between the acid and the carbonate.
1. (d) (i) The statement "matter is particulate" means that matter is composed of small, discrete particles called atoms or molecules, which have independent existence and are not continuous throughout a substance.
1. (d) (ii) Two building blocks of matter are atoms and molecules. Atoms are the fundamental units of matter, and molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together.
1. (e) A mixture of sodium chloride and ammonium chloride can be separated by sublimation because ammonium chloride undergoes sublimation at a lower temperature than sodium chloride. By heating the mixture, ammonium chloride sublimes into a gas, leaving behind sodium chloride as a solid.
1. (f) (i) The property of a substance that makes it paramagnetic is the presence of unpaired electrons in its atomic or molecular orbitals. This property allows the substance to be attracted to an external magnetic field.
1. (f) (ii) A pure covalent bond is formed when two identical atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a balanced distribution of charge. A coordinate (covalent) bond is formed when one atom donates a pair of electrons to another atom, resulting in an uneven distribution of charge.
1. (g) Two assumptions made to explain the behavior of gases are:
- Gases consist of numerous particles (atoms or molecules) that are in constant random motion.
- The volume occupied by the particles themselves is considered negligible compared to the total volume of the gas.
1. (h) (i) The concept of acids and bases that deals with non-aqueous systems is called Lewis acid-base theory.
1. (h) (ii) Under Lewis acid-base theory, an acid is a substance that accepts an electron pair, while a base is a substance that donates an electron pair.
1. (i) To make a solid sample conduct electric current, you can:
- Dissolve the solid in a suitable liquid solvent to create an electrolyte solution, allowing the movement of charged particles (ions) and facilitating conductivity.
- Apply an external electric field or high voltage to induce an electric current through the solid by a process called dielectric breakdown or electrical breakdown.
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Q7 solution
Let's represent the total value of the estate as 'x'.
Since 1/3 of the estate is given to Lamptey, Lamptey's share is (1/3)(x) = x/3.
The remaining estate after giving Lamptey his share is (2/3)(x).
Nadia's share of the remaining estate is (1/3)((2/3)(x)) = (2/9)(x).
The remaining estate after giving Nadia her share is (2/3)(x) - (2/9)(x) = (4/9)(x).
Joyce's share of what still remains is (3/4)((4/9)(x)) = (12/36)(x) = (1/3)(x).
After giving Joyce her share, the remaining estate is (4/9)(x) - (1/3)(x) = (4/9)(x) - (3/9)(x) = (1/9)(x).
The wife's share of the remaining estate is (2/3)((1/9)(x)) = (2/27)(x).
Given that the wife received a total of GH¢ 105,000.00, we can write the equation:
(2/27)(x) = GH¢ 105,000.00.
To find the answer to (a), we need to solve for 'x':
2/27 = GH¢ 105,000.00 / x
2x = 105,000.00 * 27
2x = 2,835,000.00
x = 2,835,000.00 / 2
x = GH¢ 1,417,500.00
Therefore, the total value of the estate is GH¢ 1,417,500.00.
To find the extended family's share of the estate, we need to subtract the total shares already distributed from the total value of the estate:
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,417,500.00 - (Lamptey's share + Nadia's share + Joyce's share + Wife's share)
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,417,500.00 - (x/3 + 2x/9 + x/3 + 2x/27)
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,417,500.00 - (9x/27 + 6x/27 + 3x/27 + 2x/27)
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,417,500.00 - (20x/27)
We already know that x = GH¢ 1,417,500.00, so substituting this value, we get:
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,417,500.00 - (20 * 1,417,500.00 / 27)
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,417,500.00 - GH¢ 74,027.78
Extended Family's share = GH¢ 1,343,472.22
Therefore, the extended family's share of the estate is GH¢ 1,343,472.22.
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