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perspicacious
Perspicacious is an adjective that means "shrewd" and "wise." A perspicacious child can't be fooled when her parents try to keep a secret by talking in Pig Latin.
The adjective perspicacious is a long word for a short definition: "keen" or "shrewd." This word is descended from the Latin word perspicere, which means "to look closely."
In other words, if you look closely at something you are paying attention to it and know it well.
A definition of perspicacious that is out of date but still relevant is "having keen eyesight" and people who can see clearly are also aware and attentive!
Catharsis
Use the noun catharsis to refer to the experience a person can have of releasing emotional tension and feeling refreshed afterwards.
Conceived by Aristotle as the cleansing effect of emotional release that tragic drama has on its audience, catharsis stems from a Greek verb meaning "to purify, purge."
Today, it can be used to describe any emotional release, including a good long laugh or cry that is followed by a sense of balance and freshness afterwards.
hunker down
When you hunker down, you settle into a safe, sheltered position. Some people evacuate their homes during a big hurricane, while others hunker down and wait for the storm to pass.
This term is such a popular way to describe taking shelter from a storm that it's become a weather report cliché. You might hunker down in your basement during a tornado watch, but you can also hunker down during an argument, refusing to budge from your stated position.
Hunker comes from Scottish — it means "crouch on your heels" or "squat." Sometimes the phrase is also used to mean "get to work," like when you hunker down and finish your homework.
Sommelier
If you want to impress your dining companions at a fancy restaurant, be sure to refer to the special waiter who serves wine as a sommelier.
You're unlikely to see a sommelier unless you eat at an expensive restaurant where there is a carefully selected menu of wine chosen by the sommelier to complement the food. She will also serve and pour the wine into glasses, and often wait for the diners to taste and approve of it.
In French, the word sommelier literally means "butler," and it's been used since the 19th century to mean "wine steward" or "wine waiter."
Buttress
You can buttress an argument with solid facts or your financial portfolio with safe investments. You may find that giving compliments to everyone you meet buttresses your popularity. To buttress is to sustain or reinforce.
A buttress is a structure that adds stability to a wall or building, and this innovation played a significant role in the evolution of architecture. Think of a medieval cathedral. It's an incredibly tall, open building filled with light from vast windows. Without buttresses supporting the walls and carrying the weight of the ceiling away from the building and down to the ground, this cathedral would be impossible. Picture this when you use buttress figuratively as a verb meaning to strengthen and support.
PAYLOAD :
Payload is what a vehicle carries.
If you have a plane with a payload of one ton, then that plane can carry one ton (including you and the snacks you may bring aboard).
Often, payload is estimated to be everything on board a vehicle that's worth money, or that produces income for the vehicle's owner. In the case of a commercial jet, that might be all the paying passengers. In other cases, a truck, ship, or plane's payload includes every single person and item on board, including the flight crew and fuel.
From about 1936, payload frequently referred to bombs carried by a military plane or missile.
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Inimical :
Censorship is inimical to freedom. So, most teenagers would argue, are curfews. To be inimical is to be harmful, antagonistic, or opposed to — like smoking two packs a day is to healthy lungs.
Inimical comes from the Latin word inimicus, meaning "enemy." It suggests acting like someone's enemy––being adverse, damaging, or downright hostile. It can refer to anything from emotions and actions to public policy.
Be careful not to mix it up with inimitable, which means too good to be copied.
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Discernible :
Discernible means noticeable.
If your extra hours training are having no discernible influence on your basketball game, it means your game has not changed. @WordCzar
You can use discernible in two senses. First, you can use it to describe something you physically see: Because the sky was so clear, the ship was discernible from miles off.
You can also use it to describe something you sense or understand: When your younger brother told he was sorry he broke your baseball bat, the truth was discernible in his voice.
Enervate
To enervate is to weaken, wear down, or even bum out.
A three-hour lecture on the history of socks might thrill someone, it would enervate most people. So would a too-long soak in a hot tub. With your parents.
Trace enervate back far enough and you'll discover that it comes from the Latin enervare which means basically “to cut the sinew” or “to cause to be cut from the muscle.” That would certainly weaken someone.
These days, there’s no need for violence.
To enervate someone is to sap their energy, like by reading your ex all the love letters your new sweetheart wrote you. When something enervates you, it does more than get on your nerves; it brings you down.
Sentinel
A sentinel is a guard, a lookout, a person keeping watch. It's often a soldier, but not always.
If you're watching a pot, waiting for it to boil, you're standing sentinel over it — and incidentally, it won't boil until you leave.
Etymologists think sentinel stems from the Old Italian words sentina, meaning "vigilance," and sentire, "to hear or perceive." It's a close cousin of sentry, which means the same thing. You can use sentinel as a noun or a verb.
A kid in a snowball war might be the sentinel, patrolling the entrance to the fort. Wolves stand sentinel over their kill, stepping aside only for the alpha male, who always eats first.
THAW
When things thaw, they're coming out of deep freeze and warming up. @WordCzar
You can thaw a chicken, and a chilly friendship can thaw too.
Anything that thaws is warming up after a frigid or chilly period. The weather thaws when spring hits, especially after a bad winter.
When you take food out of the freezer, it thaws. When you have an unpleasant relationship with someone, that can thaw too. A warm, friendly gesture from one person to another can be a sign that their cold relationship is thawing.
When you think of thawing, think "Warming up."
Dead rubber
is a term used in sporting parlance to describe a match in a series where the series result has already been decided by earlier matches.
The dead rubber match therefore has no effect on the winner and loser of the series, other than the total number of matches won and lost.
ken
The noun ken means "range of vision or comprehension." If quantum mechanics is beyond your ken, you don't understand it, or it is beyond your scope of knowledge.
Ken is rarely used today outside of the phrase, "beyond one's ken."
It goes all the way back, however, to Proto Indo-European, the reconstructed ancestor of most European, Near Eastern, and South Asian languages. Coming from the root *gno- "to know," ken has many relatives in modern English such as incognito, cunning, and know itself.
Recidivism
/rɪˈsɪdɪvɪz(ə)m/
noun
the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend.
"the prison has succeeded in reducing recidivism"
Triage
Grouping patients based on the severity of their injuries and the likelihood of their survival is called triage.
In a triage situation, urgent cases are seen by doctors first, and non-life-threatening emergencies go last.
You can also apply the sorting and prioritizing of triage to more general situations. If you're overwhelmed with homework, you can perform triage by organizing it into subjects and prioritizing assignments based on their due dates.
The word triage comes from the French word trier meaning to sort. Although the medical sense is now the most common, it wasn't used that way until World War One.
Denizen
A denizen is an inhabitant or frequenter of a particular place: a citizen of a country, a resident in a neighborhood, a maven of a museum, a regular at a bar, or, even, a plant that is naturalized in a region.
The noun denizen comes from words that mean “from” and “within” and is related to “citizen.” Denizen can be used when talking about any person or group of people that have a specific relationship with a place. It was historically used to refer to foreigners who were either naturalized or becoming citizens but now it is used much more generally, as in: "The denizens of my aunt’s neighborhood all have contracts with the same gardener."
Indubitably :
Indubitably means "without doubt." If you say that you are indubitably going to run for class president, you're sure of it.
With five syllables, indubitably is kind of a mouthful. Here's how to say it: "in-DOO-bit-a-blee." And while it is more of an old-fashioned adverb, indubitably remains a unique way to say "undoubtedly."
In fact, doubt and indubitably share a root in the Latin word dubitabilis, meaning "doubtful." Adding the prefix in- makes something done indubitably without a doubt.
Permeate
As tattoos permeate the mainstream, though, being ink-free may mean less and less. Attitudes towards tattoos are liberalizing...
per·me·ate
verb
Spread throughout (something)
Synonyms: pervade, spread through, fill
Buffoon :
A buffoon is someone whose ridiculous behavior is a source of amusement to others.
People you might call a buffoon are a political rival or the guy at work who tells silly jokes at office parties.
The noun buffoon has changed its spelling over the years, but not really its meaning.
In Middle French, it was bouffon, which came from the Italian buffone, meaning "jester."
The original root is the Latin buffare. Think of the stereotypical court jester, the person who makes jokes and falls about trying to make the king laugh — he's paid to be a buffoon.
Pander :
If a campaigning politician wants to pander to a crowd of pet owners, he might deliver a speech while embracing his own pet poodle.
To pander is to appease or gratify, and often in a negative, self-serving way.
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The word pander began its infamous history as the name of various characters. Pandaro was a character in Boccaccio’s Filostrato. Pandarus was a character in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde, as well as in Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida.
These literary works all tell the tale of star-crossed lovers, and the namesake of pander is, essentially, a go-between whose motives don't seem entirely pure.
Indelible :
If something is indelible, you better hope you never regret it, like the indelible tattoo of the name of your favorite band or the indelible first impression it might give people you meet years from now, especially if your taste in music changes.
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The adjective indelible describes something that can't be erased or removed, like marks made by an indelible marker, or an indelible moment you will never forget, like your first day of kindergarten or the first time you visit a new, exotic place.
It comes from the Latin word indelebilis, meaning "not able to be destroyed."
Pluviophile:
is a noun which means a lover of rain or someone who finds joy or peace of mind during rains.
It finds its origin in the latin word pluvial meaning of or relating to rain or a prolonged period of wet.
Befuddled:
When you're befuddled, you're bewildered, confused, lost, or mixed-up. In other words, you don't know what's going on.
A befuddled person is so confused that they just can't understand or figure something out. Or they've had way too much to drink. @WordCzar
A difficult math problem could leave you befuddled. If your teacher showed up in a gorilla suit one day, you'd probably be pretty befuddled.
Things that are vague and perplexing can also be described as befuddled, like a speech that makes no sense.
Philomath :
Lover of learning.
Type of: bookman, scholar, scholarly person, student
a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines
Sacrilege
If you show up to an animal rights rally with a bucket full of fried chicken for lunch, you may be accused of committing sacrilege.
You are violating a belief held sacred, at least by some individuals.
Sacrilege has its roots in the Latin sacr-, meaning "holy." Sacrilege was originally reserved for talking about blasphemous acts that disrespect, violate, or misuse holy traditions or objects.
However, today the term sacrilege carries a broader, and lighter, meaning than its origins suggest. For example, it's usually considered sacrilege to root for the out-of-town team that's playing against your home team. Ancient users of this word might think our looser definition is sacrilege.
lotus eater
noun
GREEK MYTHOLOGY
a member of a people represented by Homer as living in a state of dreamy forgetfulness and idleness as a result of eating the fruit of the lotus plant.
"on arrival at the land of the lotus eaters, Odysseus sends out a reconnaissance party"
a person who spends their time indulging in pleasure and luxury rather than dealing with practical concerns.
"life as a lotus eater in sunny climes appears to be well and truly over"
someone indifferent to the busy world
Synonyms: stargazer
Cognitive :
If it's related to thinking, it's considered cognitive.
Anxious parents might defend using flashcards with toddlers as "nurturing their cognitive development." @WordCzar
The adjective, cognitive, comes from the Latin cognoscere "to get to know" and refers to the ability of the brain to think and reason as opposed to feel.
A child's cognitive development is the growth in his or her ability to think and solve problems.
Many English words that involve knowing and knowledge have cogn- in them such as cognizant "aware of" and recognize "to know someone in the present because you knew them from the past."