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مدرس زبان انگلیسی کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه بینالملل امام خمینی با ده سال سابقه تدریس مدرس کانون زبان ایران آیدی برای هماهنگی کلاس انلاین و حضوری: @English_Alikhani
Cock-and-bull story
📚a story which is obviously not true, especially one given as an excuse
1. His excuse for missing work was nothing more than a cock-and-bull story about an alien abduction.
▪️بهانهاش برای غیبت سرِ کار، فقط یک دروغِ شاخدار درباره دزدیده شدن توسط آدمفضاییها بود.
2. The old man entertained the children with a cock-and-bull story about a treasure buried in the backyard.
▪️پیرمرد با یک داستانِ مندرآوردی درباره گنجی در حیاط پشتی، بچهها را سرگرم کرد.
3. They came up with a cock and bull story to cover up their mistake, but the truth eventually came out.
▪️دروغهای شاخوپردار سرهم کردند تا خطایشان را بپوشانند، ولی حقیقت فاش شد
🆔@English_Alikhani
A dash of sth
📚a small amount of a quality that is added to something else
1. Add salt, pepper and a dash of vinegar.
▪️نمک، فلفل و یک چکه سرکه اضافه کنید
2. Add a dash of romance to your life with a trip to Paris.
▪️با سفر به پاریس، به زندگیتان چاشنیِ عشق بزنید.
3. Cream with your coffee, Madam?" "Yes please - just a dash.
▪️خانم، قهوهتان با خامه باشد؟» «بله لطفاً، فقط یک ذره.»
4. Youthful ambiance with a dash of (= small amount of) sophistication. [ figurative ]
▪️فضایی پرنشاط همراه با رگهای از وقار.
5. The essay has a dash of humor.
▪️این مقاله نمکی از طنز در خود دارد.
6. Season the sauce with a dash of lemon zest and some thyme.
▪️سس را با ذرهای پوست لیمو و آویشن مزهدار کنید
Crack down
📚to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way
• The library is cracking down on people who lose their books.
▪️کتابخانه در حال برخورد جدی با افرادی است که کتابهای خود را گم میکنند.
• After years of leniency, the school is finally cracking down on plagiarism.
▪️بعد از سالها ملایمت، مدرسه بالاخره تصمیم گرفته تا با سرقت علمی برخورد قاطعانه ای کند .
• The authorities are trying to crack down on drunk driving during the holidays
▪️مسئولان به دنبال اعمال قانون شدید علیه رانندگان مست در تعطیلات هستند
• Companies that pollute are the target of a new crackdown.[ noun ]
▪️شرکتهای آلاینده هدف موج جدیدی از سختگیریهای قانونی قرار گرفتهاند
• The headmaster said there's going to be a crackdown on cell phone use between classes.
▪️بساط استفاده از موبایل بین کلاسها جمع میشود!
• Iran disconnects Internet to crack down on protests in silence.
▪️ایران با قطع اینترنت، به پیشواز سرکوبِ بیصدای اعتراضات رفت.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Reciprocate - Reciprocal -Reciprocity
Reciprocate [ formal ]
📚share the same feelings as sb else, or to behave in the same way as sb else
• Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated.
• We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated.
• It was a hopeless love that could not possibly be reciprocated.💔
Reciprocal [ adj ]
📚a reciprocal arrangement or relationship involves two people, groups, or countries who each do something for the other
• It's a reciprocal arrangement - our students visit their school, and their students visit ours.
• The plan will only work if both sides fulfill their reciprocal [=mutual] obligations.
Reciprocity
📚behaviour in which two people or groups of people give each other help and advantages
• The proposal calls for reciprocity in trade relations.
🆔@English_Alikhani
🎧🎵🎸Writing's on the Wall-Sam Smith
🆔@English_Alikhani
#Music
Inch [ verb ]
📚move very slowly or in a lot of short stages
• We are inching towards an agreement.
▪️ما قدم به قدم به توافق نزدیک میشویم.
• Share prices inched up/higher during the day.
▪️قیمت سهام در طول روز کمکم بالا رفت.
• Residents watched the flames inch closer and closer.
▪️ ساکنان تماشا میکردند که شعلهها آرام آرام نزدیکتر و نزدیکتر میشوند.
• We inched along in heavy traffic.
• Interest rates have been inching up over the past year.
▪️نرخ بهره در طول سال گذشته آرام آرام در حال افزایش بوده است.
• He inched his way through the narrow passage.
▪️او با زحمت/آهستگی از گذرگاه باریک رد شد.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Mischief [ noun ]
📚bad behaviour, esp by children, that causes trouble or damage, but no serious harm:
• He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into mischief.
▪️ او به سرگرمی نیاز دارد تا مشغولش کند و نگذارد به دردسر بیفتد/شیطنت کند.
• Perhaps a new bike would keep him out of mischief.
▪️شاید یک دوچرخه جدید او را از شیطنت دور کند.
• I hope you haven't been up to any mischief while I was away.
▪️امیدوارم در غیاب من کارهای شیطنتآمیز نکرده باشی.
• You'll do yourself a mischief if you're not careful with that knife.
▪️اگر مراقب نباشی با اون چاقو به خودت صدمه میزنی.
• My children often try to make mischief between me and my new husband.
▪️بچههایم اغلب سعی میکنند بین من و همسر جدیدم اختلاف ایجاد کنند.
Mischievous [ adj]
• She has a mischievous sense of humour.
▪️او حس شوخطبعی شیطنتآمیزی دارد.
• A book about the mischievous antics of his ten-year-old daughter.
▪️ کتابی دربارهٔ شیطنتهای دختر دهسالهاش.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Border on sth
📚 If behaviour, a quality or a feeling borders on something more extreme, it is almost that thing
1. She possesses a self-confidence that borders on arrogance.
▪️او دارای اعتماد به نفسی است که به مرز تکبر نزدیک میشود.
2. Be careful, some sections of this paper are bordering on plagiarism.
مواظب باش، برخی قسمتهای این مقاله تقریباً سرقت ادبی است. ( بوی سرقت ادبی میدهد )
3. This is bordering on micromanagement here, Bill. You need to give your employees some space to figure things out on their own.
▪️این تقریباً همان دخالت بیش از حد است، بیل. باید به کارمندانت فضا بدهی تا خودشان کارها را انجام دهند.
4. His fear of the government borders on paranoia.
▪️ترس او از حکومت به مرز توهم رسیده است.
Synonym :
Verge on
• At times, his performance verged on brilliance, but at others it was only ordinary.
• A footballing talent verging on genius.
• His accusations were verging on slander.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Mourn, bemoan, grieve, lament, rue, sorrow ❓❔🙋♂🙋♀
Not everyone exhibits unhappiness in the same way. Grieve is the strongest of these verbs, implying deep mental anguish or suffering, often endured alone and in silence (she grieved for years over the loss of her baby). Mourn is more formal and often more public; although it implies deep emotion felt over a period of time, that emotion may be more ceremonial than sincere (the people mourned the loss of their leader). Lament comes from a Latin word meaning to wail or weep, and it therefore suggests a vocal or verbal expression of loss (The shrieking women lamented their husbands' deaths). Bemoan also suggests suppressed or inarticulate sounds of grief, often expressing regret or disapproval (to bemoan one's fate). Sorrow combines deep sadness with regret and often pertains to a less tragic loss than grieve or mourn (sorrow over a lost love), while rue has even stronger connotations of regret and repentance (she rued the day she was born).
#Subtleties
impertinent, impudent, insolent, intrusive, meddlesome, obtrusive❓❔🙋♂🙋♀
All of these adjectives mean exceeding the bounds of propriety; the easiest way to distinguish impertinent from the others is to think of its root: impertinent behavior is not pertinent — in other words, it is in or out of place. The impertinent individual has a tendency to be rude or presumptuous toward those who are entitled to deference or respect (it was an impertinent question to ask a woman who had just lost her husband). The intrusive person is unduly curious about other people's affairs (her constant questions about the state of their marriage were intrusive and unwelcome), while obtrusive implies objectionable actions rather than an objectionable disposition. The obtrusive person has a tendency to thrust himself or herself into a position where he or she is conspicuous and apt to do more harm than good (they tried to keep him out of the meeting because his presence would be obtrusive). To be meddlesome is to have a prying or inquisitive nature and a tendency to interfere in an annoying way in other people's affairs (a meddlesome neighbor). Impudent and insolent are much stronger words for in behavior. Young people are often accused of being impudent, which means to be impertinent in a bold and shameless way (an impudent young man who had a lot to learn about tact). Anyone who is guilty of insulting and contemptuously arrogant behavior might be called insolent (he was so insolent to the arresting officer that he was handcuffed).
#Subtleties
Mouths off to/at sb
📚to speak in a rude or offensive way to someone
📚to express your opinions too loudly and publicly
1. She's a typical teenager, coming home late at night and mouthing off to her parents.
▪️او یک نوجوان معمولی است؛ شب دیروقت به خانه میآید و با والدینش گستاخانه حرف میزند.
2. You're going to get detention again if you keep mouthing off to your teacher.
▪️اگر به معلمت بد دهنی کنی ، دوباره تنبیه میشوی
3. The trouble with inviting Rhonda to a dinner party is that all she does is mouth off about how bad the government is.
▪️مشکل دعوت کردن روندا به مهمانی شام این است که تمام کاری که میکند این است که درباره بد بودن دولت غر میزند/بلند بلند شکایت میکند.
Have an axe to grind
📚Have a complaint or dispute that one feels compelled to discuss.
📚Have a personal motivation or selfish reason for saying or doing sth
1. Hey, I have an axe to grind with you—are you the one who stole my lunch out of the communal fridge today?
▪️ببین، یه گِلهای ازت دارم – ناهار امروز منو از یخچال مشترک تو برداشتی؟
2. Environmentalists have no political axe to grind - they just want to save the planet.
▪️محیطزیستبانان هیچ هدف سیاسی خاصی ندارند - آنها فقط میخواهند سیاره را نجات دهند.
3. The article criticized the new software, but the author had an ax to grind, as its manufacturer had fired his son
▪️مقاله از نرمافزار جدید انتقاد کرد، اما نویسنده غرضورزی شخصی داشت، چون سازندهاش پسرش را اخراج کرده بود.
4. Oh no here comes Roger. He's got an axe to grind about smoking, so you'd better put that cigarette out or he'll be talking to you for hours about your health.
▪️وای، راجر پیداش شد. اون با سیگار کشیدن مشکل داره، پس سیگارتو بذار کنار وگرنه تا ساعتها سر سلامتیت سرتو میبره.
Have beef with (someone or something)
📚To have a grudge, a complaint, or start a fight against someone or something
1. Why does she have beef with me? I'm always nice to her!
▪️چرا او با من سرِ ناسازگاری دارد؟ من همیشه با او خوبم!
2. A: "Why does Dad have beef with the phone company?" B: "Because they keep raising their rates."
▪️الف :چرا بابا از شرکت تلفن شاکی است؟ ب: چون مدام نرخهایشان را بالا میبرند.
3. They are always “beefing” over their neighbor’s dogs. [ verb ]
▪️آنها همیشه بر سر سگهای همسایهشان جروبحث میکنند.
4. Sarah likes to beef about her workload but rarely takes on extra responsibilities.
▪️سارا دوست دارد از حجم کاریاش گله کند، اما به ندرت مسئولیتهای اضافی میپذیرد
5. I had to deal with an angry customer with a beef about our service. [ noun ]
▪️مجبور شدم با مشتری عصبانیای که از خدمات ما گلایه داشت، سروکار داشته باشم
6. You need to “squash the beef” between you and your father if you want to make progress.
▪️اگر میخواهی پیشرفت کنی، باید کدورت بین خودت و پدرت را از بین ببری.
🇮🇷🚰How Did a City of 10 Million People Nearly Run Out of Water?
#NYT
#Water
Bout
📚short period of illness or involvement in an activity
• She had a bout of flu over Christmas.🤒
• He suffered from periodic bouts of insanity.🤪
• They had been fighting after a drinking bout.🍻
• She struggles with frequent bouts of depression.☹️
• She suffers from crippling bouts of stage fright.😪
• She survived a 5-year bout with cancer. [ US] 🏥
• Regular exercise is better than occasional bouts of strenuous activity.🏋♂
• She went on a bout of binge eating after the breakup.😋
• She felt a bout of nerves before her job interview, but she managed to stay calm.😪
• After a lengthy bout of unemployment, he finally secured a job that matched his skills and aspirations.👨💻
• The recent bout of violence in the area has raised concerns among the residents.👊
🆔@English_Alikhani
Downtime
📚time when your relax and don't do very much
• We've had a busy weekend so I'm planning to have some downtime tomorrow
▪️آخر هفته شلوغی داشتیم، بنابراین فردا میخوام استراحت کنم.
2. Often, during semesters, you have down time when you can do some exercise.
▪️اغلب در طول ترمها، زمانهایی برای ورزش دارید.
3. I'm glad to finally have some downtime after such a busy week.
▪️خوشحالم که بعد از یک هفته شلوغ بالاخره وقت استراحت دارم.
4. There have been so many things going on all at once lately. I could really use some downtime to catch my breath!
▪️این روزها خیلی چیزها به طور همزمان اتفاق میافتد. واقعاً به یک زمان استراحت نیاز دارم تا نفسی بکشم!
5. Let's take this downtime for some quiet reflection, shall we?
▪️بیایید از این زمان استراحت برای تفکر آرام استفاده کنیم، خوب است؟
6. The kids napped during their downtime.
▪️بچهها در زمان استراحتشان خوابشان برد.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Lest
📚in order to prevent any possibility that something will happen
• They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the neighbours.
▪️از سر و صدا شکایت نکردند، مبادا خاطرِ همسایهها مکدر شود
• And lest you think I'm joking, let me assure you that everything I've said is true.
▪️نکند فکر کنید شوخی است؛ همهاش عینِ واقعیت است.
• She's a talented singer and, lest we forget, a fine musician as well.
▪️خوانندهای بااستعداد و — نباید از قلم انداخت که — نوازندهای چیرهدست نیز هست.
• He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob.
▪️بازوی برادرش را سفت چسبید، مبادا زیر پای جمعیت له شود.
• Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truth.
▪️برای رفع هرگونه شک و شبهه، مدارکی برای اثبات حقیقتِ ماجرا همراه آوردهام.
Stupid, asinine, dense, dull, dumb, obtuse, slow, unintelligent❓❔🙋♂🙋♀
If you want to impugn someone's intelligence, the options are almost limitless. You can call the person stupid, a term that implies a sluggish, slow-witted lack of intelligence. Asinine is a harsher word, implying asslike or foolish behavior rather than slow-wittedness (a woman her age looked asinine in a miniskirt). Calling someone dumb is risky, because it is not only an informal word (you dumb bunny!), but because it also means mute and is associated with the offensive expression “deaf and dumb”❗️, used to describe people who cannot hear or speak. Dense implies an inability to understand even simple facts or instructions (too dense to get the joke), while dull suggests a sluggishness of mind unrelieved by any hint of quickness, brightness, or liveliness (a dull stare). Slow also implies a lack of quickness in comprehension or reaction and is often used as a euphemistic substitute for stupid (he was a little slow intellectually). Obtuse is a more formal word for slow-wittedness, but with a strong undercurrent of scorn (it almost seemed as though he were being deliberately obtuse). You can't go wrong with a word like unintelligent, which is probably the most objective term for low mental ability and the least likely to provoke an angry response (unintelligent answers to the teacher's questions).
#Subtleties
A bitter pill (to swallow)
📚something that is very unpleasant but which must be accepted
• Losing to a younger player was a bitter pill to swallow.
▪️پذیرفتن شکست در برابر یک بازیکن جوانتر، بسیار دشوار بود.
• Failing the bar exam was a bitter pill to swallow, but he plans to try again next year.
▪️قبول نشدن در آزمون وکالت، شکستی تلخ بود اما او قصد دارد سال بعد دوباره تلاش کند
• To see himself dethroned, the object of her contempt, was a bitter pill to swallow.
▪️اینکه ببیند جایگاهش را از دست داده و مورد تحقیر اوست، حقیقتی تلخ و غیرقابل تحمل بود.
Tinker
📚to make small changes to something, esp in an attempt to repair or improve it
1. He spends every weekend tinkering (about) with his car.
▪️او هر آخر هفته را به تعمیرات جزئی ماشینش میگذراند.
2. I wish the government would stop tinkering with the health service.
▪️کاش دولت دست از دستکاری کردن در خدمات بهداشتی برمیداشت
3. I'll just have a tinker with the television and see if I can get it to work. [ noun / UK]
▪️من فقط یک کوتاه وَر میروم با تلویزیون و ببینم کار میکند یا نه.
4 Problems can arise when management structures are tinkered with.
▪️مشکلات زمانی پدیدار میشوند که ساختارهای مدیریتی دستکاری میشوند.
Synonym :
Fiddle with
He was fiddling [=tinkering] with the controls of the television, trying to get it to work.
Tamper with sth ( to change or touch (something) especially in a way that causes damage or harm)
she saw them tampering with her car
I could see at once that the lock had been tampered with.
I don’t see the point in tampering with a system that’s worked fine so far.
Buck the trend/system
📚oppose something in a direct way
1. II'm from a family of doctors, so I really bucked the trend when I went to art school!
2. Why are you trying to buck the system? Just wait in line like everyone else!
3. Initially, he had bucked against her restraints.
4. The President is unlikely to buck pressure from the public
5. The mayor bucked at the school board's suggestion.
Buck for something
📚to try very hard to get something, especially a good position at work:
1. He’s bucking for promotion.
Buck up
📚to improve, or to make something improve:
1. It’ll be a long time before the situation starts to buck up.
2. A company that is looking to buck up its networking capabilities
3. He is trying to buck up the morale of the troops.
📚become happier, or to make sb happier:
1. Come on, buck up, things aren’t that bad!
Buck
📚a very large amount of money
1. He earns mega-bucks working for an American bank.
2. So what's the best way to make a fast buck ?
Beside yourself
📚not thinking clearly because you are feeling very strong emotions : in a state of extreme excitement.
1. I felt sick, disgusted, and beside myself with rage.
▪️احساس بیماری، نفرت و خشم بیحد و حصر داشتم.
2 I know Daniel saw your girlfriend at the movies last night with another man, but there's no reason to be beside yourself, he's probably her cousin.
▪️میدانم دانیال دیشب دوست دخترت را در سینما با مرد دیگری دید، اما دلیلی برای این همه ناراحتی نیست؛ احتمالاً او پسرعمویش است
3. He was beside himself with grief when she died.
او در زمان مرگش از شدت غم به شدت آشفته بود.
4. They were beside themselves with joy when their team won the final match.
▪️وقتی تیمشان در بازی نهایی پیروز شد، از شادی در پوست خود نمی گنجیدن.
5. The child was beside himself with fear during the thunderstorm.
▪️کودک در طول طوفان رعد و برق از ترس به شدت مضطرب بود.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Mourn
📚to feel very sad and to miss sb after they have died
1. Queen Victoria mourned Prince Albert/Prince Albert's death for 40 years.
2. They mourned the passing of traditional folk dancing
Bemoan [ formal/T]
📚to complain about or express sadness
1. Researchers at universities are always bemoaning their lack of funds.
Lament
📚to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness about sth
1.She lamented over the loss of her best friend.
2. My grandmother, as usual, lamented the decline in moral standards in today's society.
Bewail [ literary ]
📚to express great sadness or disappointment about sth
1. They bewailed the loss of their cherished freedoms
Wail
📚to make a long, high cry, usually because of pain or sadness
1. The women gathered around the coffin and began to wail, as was the custom in the region.
2. "My finger hurts, " wailed the child.
Grieve
📚to cause sb to feel sad or unhappy
1. He is still grieving for/over his wife.
2. People need time to grieve after the death of a loved one.
Aloof [ C1 ]
📚describes an unfriendly person who refuses to take part in things
1. She seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just shy.
▪️او کمی گوشهگیر به نظر میرسید، در حالی که در واقع فقط کمرو بود.
2. They worked hard, but tended to stay aloof from the local inhabitants.
▪️سختکوش بودند، ولی از ساکنین محلی دوری میگزیدند.
3. Beneath that aloof exterior, Gayle is a warm, sympathetic person.
▪️پشت آن چهرهی بیتفاوت، گیل فردی گرم و مهربان است.
📚deliberately not becoming involved in something
1. Whatever is happening in the office, she always remains aloof.
▪️هر اتفاقی در اداره بیفتد، او همیشه خود را کنار میکشد. ( دخالت نمیکند )
2. She kept herself aloof from her husband's business.
▪️او در کار همسرش دخالت نمیکرد.
Assortment [ C/S]
📚a group of different types of something
1. She was wearing an odd assortment of clothes.
▪️او یک مجموعه عجیبوغریب از لباسها را به تن داشت.
2. The book has a wonderful assortment of characters.
▪️این کتاب مجموعهای فوقالعاده از شخصیتها دارد
3. You can choose from a wide assortment of options.
▪️میتوانید از طیف وسیعی از گزینهها دست به انتخاب بزنید.
4. An unlikely assortment of rock stars and politicians attended the charity concert.
▪️مجموعهای غیرمنتظره از ستارگان راک و سیاستمداران در کنسرت خیریه شرکت کردند
5 They prepared an assortment of both sweet and savory foods.
▪️آنها تنوعی از خوراکیهای شیرین و شور را تدارک دیدند.
6. She displayed an assortment of vintage postcards from around the world.
▪️او مجموعهای از کارت پستالهای قدیمی از سراسر جهان را به نمایش گذاشت.
7. The store offers a wide assortment of fruits and vegetables.
▪️این مغازه تنوع بینظیری از میوهها و سبزیجات دارد.
8. She received an assortment of perfumes as a gift.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Spell
📚a period of time for which an activity or condition lasts continuously
• In this current cold spell, many old people are dying needlessly of hypothermia.
• It looks as if we are in for a settled spell this week.
• After a brief spell in the army, he started working as a teacher.
• He had a brief spell in the army.
• She had a couple of spells in a mental hospital.
• I keep having/getting dizzy spells.
Spell disaster/trouble
📚to cause something bad to happen in the future
• The arrival of the home computer spelt doom for the typewriter.
• The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers..
• Crop failure spells stark famine for next year
📚secret words with magic power🪄💫
• The witch cast/put a spell on the prince and he turned into a frog.
• A beautiful girl would have to kiss him to break (= stop) the spell.
• Sleeping Beauty lay under the wicked fairy's spell until the prince woke her with a kiss.
Cheesecake [ U ]
📚photographs of sexually attractive young women wearing very few clothes, or the women who appear in such photographs
1. Advertisers who rely on cheesecake to sell products
2. Why do you always buy that lingerie company's calendar? Do you really need to look at cheesecake all day?
3. Yeah, a cheesecake like that will never talk to you—keep dreaming!
4. Of course Rachel makes a lot of tips as a bartender—she's a total cheesecake!
Beefcake
📚an attractive man with big muscles, or men with such bodies as shown in pictures or in shows
1. He's not a great actor but he gets roles anyway because of all the moviegoers interested in beefcake.
2. He's one of Hollywood's most celebrated beefcakes.
3. I always buy the fire station's charity calendar because I love looking at the beefcakes in their firefighter outfits.
4. I got some of the beefcakes in facilities to help me move that furniture out of my office.
5. Of course she left your scrawny self for a beefcake like him.
Through and through
📚completely
1. My mother is Irish through and through.
▪️مادرم ایرلندی تمامعیار است. (مادرم از ریشه ایرلندی است)
2 That woman’s evil through and through.
▪️آن زن ذاتاً شرور است.
3. I know Elizabeth through and through, and I really doubt that she's mad at you.
▪️من الیزابت را کاملاً میشناسم و واقعاً شک دارم از دستت عصبانی باشد.
4. She's a student through and through, which is why she decided to pursue a doctorate.
▪️او ذاتاً اهل مطالعه است، به همین دلیل تصمیم گرفت دکترا بگیرد.
5. She's a New Yorker through and through, with her accent and love for the city.
▪️او با لهجهاش و عشقش به شهر، یک نیویورکی تمام و کمال است.
6. The soldier was loyal to his country through and through, even in the face of danger.
▪️سرباز حتی در مواجهه با خطر، کاملاً به کشورش وفادار بود.
Gross or Net ❓❔
Net/Nett UK
📚the net amount is the final amount that remains after all the other amounts have been taken away
✍خالص
1. The net profit (=after taxes, costs etc) was up 16.3% last month.
2. The company reported a net loss of $56 million last year.
3. Vernon estimates the company’s net worth at over $8 billion.
4. The United States is a net importer of beef
4. She netted £10 million (for herself) from the sale of her company. [ verb]
5. Mark's netted himself a top job with an advertising company.
Gross
📚a gross sum of money is the total amount before any tax or costs have been taken away
ناخالص
1. I earn £15 000 gross, but my net income is about £12 000.
2. Once wrapped, the gross weight of the package is 2kg.
3 This graph shows the gross domestic product of all the European countries.
4. The film has grossed over $200 million this year. ( verb )
📚extremely unpleasant ( adj)
1. They were accused of gross negligence.
2. Soldiers accused of gross violations of human rights
Idle
📚not working or producing anything OPP busy:
1. I cannot afford to leave the land lying idle.
2. The whole team stood idle, waiting for the mechanic.
3. The workers have been idle for the last six months.
4. It's crazy to have £7000 sitting idle in the bank.
📚lazy and not willing to work
1. He's a very able student, he's just bone idle (= very lazy).
📚not serious, or not done with any definite intention:
1. She was not a woman to make idle threats.
2. It was only from idle curiosity that she went into the barn.
Idle rich
📚rich people who do not have to work
1. Elegant and expensive resorts catering to the idle rich
📚to spend time doing nothing:
1. Sometimes he went for a walk; sometimes he just idled. ( verb )
Idle away
📚to spend a period of time relaxing and doing very little
1. We idled away the hours drinking and playing cards.
2. They idled their time away in the pub.
3. Can you get her to start her book report please? She's idled the afternoon away.