94965
Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cricopharynx
Inferior constrictor muscle has two parts :-
(i) Thyropharyngeous with oblique fibres, and
(ii) Cricopharyngeous
with transverse fibres.
Between these two parts of inferior constrictor exists a potential gap
called Killan's dehiscence. It is also called the gateway to tear as
perforation can occur at this site during esophagoscopy. It is also the site for herniation of pharyngeal mucosa in case of pharyngeal
pouch.
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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Towards metaphysis [Ref Textbook of general
anatomy p. 80]
Nutrient artery
It enters the middle of the shaft through a nutrient foramen, runs
obliquely through the cortex, and then divides into ascending and
desending branches that run towards metaphysis.
Each branch subdivides into a number of smaller parallel vessels
which enter the metaphysis and form hair-pin loops.
The loops anostomose with epiphyseal,metaphyseal and periosteal arteries.
Therefore, metaphysis is the most vascular zone of the long bone.
The nutrient artery supplies the medullary cavity and inner-two third of cortical bone of diaphysis and metaphysis
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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Caudate lobe
Epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow or aditus to lesser sac) is a slit-like opening through which lesser sac communicates with greater sac.
It is situated at the level of T12 vertebra.
Its boundaries are:-
Anterior:- Right free margin of lesser omentum (contains portal vein, hepatic artery proper and bile duct).
Posterior:- IVC, right suprarenal gland and T12 vertebra.
Superior:- Caudate lobe of the liver.
Inferior:- 1st part of the duodenum and horizontal part of the hepatic
artery
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Correct Answer - D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., IV
The gall bladder lies on the inferior surface of the liver closely
related to segment IV or the quadrate lobe.
Anatomically liver is divided into a large right lobe and a small left
lobe by line of attachment of falciform ligament (anterosuperiorly), fissure for ligamentum teres (inferiorly), and fissure for ligamentum
venosum (posteriorly).
Right lobe is much larger and forms five sixth of liver and left lobe forms only one sixth.
Caudate lobe and quadrate lobe are parts of anatomical right lobe.
The physiological left lobe is composed of 4 segments designated Ito IV and is supplied by left branch of hepatic artery, left branch of portal vein and drained by left hepatic duct.
The physiological right lobe consists of segment V, VI, VII and VIII and is supplied by right hepatic artery, right branch of portal vein and drained by right hepatic duct
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Correct Answer - B
Ans. (B) Right atrium
External features of heart
The heart has following borders and surfaces :-
A) Borders Right border :- Formed by right atrium.
Left border (obtuse margin):- Formed mainly by left ventricle and
partly by left auricle (in its upper most part).
Inferior border (acute margin):- Formed mainly by right ventricle and partly by left ventricle near apex.
Upper border :- Mainly by left atrium and partly by right atrium where SVC enters.
Apex :- Formed by left ventricle.
B) Surfaces
Anterior (sternocostal) surface :- Formed mostly by right ventricle
(major) and right auricle and partly by left ventricle and left auricle.
Inferior (diaphragmatic) surface :- It is formed by left ventricle (left
2/3) and right ventricle (right 1/3). It is traversed by posterior
interventricular groove (PIV) containing PIV branch of RCA
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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is'c'i.e., Constrictor pupillae [Ref: Gray's 39h/e p. 7101
Intraocular muscles (intraocular muscles)
→ Intraocular muscles are -
A) Muscles of iris
→ There are two types of muscles in iris that control the size
of pupil:
1. The iris sphinctor or constrictor pupillae (circular muscles):-
These muscles are innervated by the postganglionic parasympathetic fibres from Edinger westphal nucleus via 3'd nerve and ciliary ganglion. These muscles cause constriction of pupil (Miosis).
2. The iris dilator or dilator pupillae (radial muscles) → These
muscles are innervated by sympathetic system via postganglionic sympathetic fibres for the dilator pupillae from
neurons in the superior cervical ganglion. These muscles cause
pupillary dilatation (mydriasis).
B) Ciliary muscles;--> these are innervated by the postganglionic
parasympathetic fibers from EWN via 3rd nerve and ciliary ganglion. These muscles help in accommodation.
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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diencephalon
Diancephalon forms - optic cup and stalk, pituitary, thalmus,
hypothalmus, epithalmus, pineal gland (or epiphysis), and 3rd
ventricle (most part).
Retina develops from walls of optic cup.
The outer thinner layer
becomes retinal pigmented epithelium and inner thicker layer forms neural layer of retina.
Forebrain (prosencephalon) consists of telencephalon (anterior or
rostral part) and diencephalon (posterior or caudal part).
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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Superolateral
I )Upper arm (Deltoid)
5 cm distal to the acromion or
4 cm proximal to the insertion of
deltoid. This is to prevent injury to circumflex humeral nerve.
II Gluteal region
Upper outer (superolateral) quadrant. This is to avoid damage to superior and inferior gluteal vessels and sciatic nerve.
III Thigh (lateral aspect)
(vastus lateralis)
Infant :- Upper lateral quadrant of
thigh below GT
Adult :- Middle third of lateral aspect.
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Correct Answer - B
B. i.e. Median nerve
Common causes of median nerve palsy in carpal tunnel are carpal
tunnel syndrome (most common) and Innate dislocation.
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Correct Answer - D
All of the above
@anatomyvideoss
Correct Answer - A
Sympathetic nerve cells supplying the heart are located in the
intermediolateral horn of spinal segments T1 to T5.
Sympathetic supply is cardio-acceleratory, and on stimulation, they increase the heart rate, and also dilate coronary arteries.
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves form the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses, the branches of which run along the coronary arteries to reach the myocardium.
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Correct Answer - D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Straight sinus
Great cerebral vein of Galen is formed by union of two internal cerebral veins.
It is 2cm long
It is drain into straight sinus.
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Correct Answer - D
Ans. is'd'i.e., Olfactory
Cranial nerves
Pure sensory
Pure motor
Mixed
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducent (VI)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII) Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Trochlear notch
Inner surface of olecranon process forms trochlear notch for
articulation of trochlea of humerus.
Radial notch is seen in lateral part of upper end of shaft (not on
olecronon).
Olecranon fossa and coronoid fossa are part of lower end of
humerus.
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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lower border of T4
Trachea bifurcates at carina, at the level of lower border of T, or T4 -
T5 disc space.
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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is '13' i.e., T4
Trachea bifurcates at carina, at the level of lower border of T4 or
T⁵ disc space.
Structure Cervico thoracic level
Tracheal bifurcation T4-T5
Arch of aorta Begins and ends at T4
Xiphoid process T9
Splenic axis Along 10th rib
Carotid bifurcation, Hyoid bone C3
Upper border of thyroid cartilage C4
Level of cricoids cartilage C6
Lumbar level
Celiac trunk T12 - L I
Superior mesenteric artery Ll
Transpyloric plane Lower border of Ll
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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pronator teres
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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Fourth ventricle [Ref Medical Dictionary, 2009
Farlex and Partners]
It is a shallow depression, of a blue color in the fresh brain,
lying laterally in the most rostral portion of the rhomboidal
fossa near the cerebral aqueduct; it lies near the lateral wall of
the fourth ventricle and consists of about 20,000 melaninpigmented neuronal cell bodies the norepinephrine-containing
axons of which have a remarkably wide distribution in the
cerebellum as well as in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.
Also called as locus cinereus, locus ferrugineus.
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Correct Answer - A
A i.e., Pulmonary artery
Arrangement of structures in the hilum is as follows -
l. Anterior to posterior (same on both side) :-(i) Superior
pulmonary (ii) Pulmonary artery, (iii) Bronchus
2. Superior to inferior -vein,
a) Right :- (i) Eparterial bronchus (superior most)' (ii) Pulmonary
artery, iii) Hlparterial bronchus, iv) Inferior pulmonary vein (inferior
most).
b) Left :- (i) Puhnonary artery (superior most), (ii) Primary/Principal bronchus (iii) Inferior pulmonary vein (inferior most)
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Correct Answer - C
Ans. C. Metanephros
Metanephros : This system will form the nephrons and parenchyma of the definitive kidney
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Correct Answer - D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Loss of taste sensation from posterior
tongue [Ref: Dhingra 5'h/e p. 105, 106; Gray's 39h/e p. 12131
Facial nerve paralysis produces following manifestations :
→ Weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eve
closure. which results in :
1. Absence of nasolabial fold.
2. Wide palpebral fissure
3. Epiphora
4. Drooping of angle of mouth
5. Loss of wrinkles of forehead
6. The face sags and is drawn across to the opposite side on
smiling.
7. Voluntary eye closure may not be possible and can produce
damage to the conjunctiva and cornea.
In partial paralysis, the lower face is generally more affected.
Loss of taste sensation over anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Intolerance to high-pitched or loud noises, i.e. Hyperacusis (due
to stapedius muscle paralysis)
Loss of lacrimation and salivation occur
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