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مدرس زبان انگلیسی کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه بین‌الملل امام خمینی با ده سال سابقه تدریس مدرس کانون زبان ایران آیدی برای هماهنگی کلاس انلاین و حضوری: @English_Alikhani
The wherewithal to do something
📚 the money, skill etc that you need in order to do something
1. Poor families lack the wherewithal to hire good lawyers.
2. The new job has given her the financial wherewithal to support herself and her two children
3. Does Cath have the creative wherewithal to make it as a solo act?
4. The team simply does not have the goal- scoring wherewithal to pile up the points.
5. There are not many countries that have the wherewithal to deal with cyber threats on such a scale.
🎧🎼🎵The Nights-Avicii
#Music
🆔@English_Alikhani
Pyrrhic victory
📚a victory which is not worth winning because the winner has lost so much in winning it
1. She won the court case, but it was a Pyrrhic victory because she had to pay so much in legal fees.
▪️او در دادگاه پیروز شد، اما این پیروزی پیروزی‌ای بود با هزینه‌های سنگین، زیرا باید هزینه‌های قانونی زیادی پرداخت می‌کرد
2. Winning the lawsuit was a Pyrrhic victory, since it cost us everything we had.
▪️به‌رغم کسب پیروزی در این دعوا، تمام داشته‌های خود را از دست دادیم؛ بنابراین، این یک پیروزی بی‌حاصل بود
3. The athlete's Pyrrhic victory in the race came at the expense of her health.
▪️پیروزی ورزشکار در مسابقه، با به خطر افتادن سلامتی‌اش همراه بود؛ بنابراین، این یک پیروزی بی‌فایده محسوب می‌شد
4. The army's victory in the battle was a Pyrrhic victory as they lost a large number of soldiers.
▪️پیروزی ارتش در آن نبرد، با تلفات سنگین همراه بود؛ در نتیجه، این یک پیروزی ناموفق تلقی می‌گردید."
War-torn
📚severely damaged by a long war, especially between different groups from the same country
• It is a long-term task to rebuild the infrastructure of a war-torn country such as Angola.
Stricken
• My country has been stricken by war for the past five years.
• He has been stricken with grief since the death of his wife.
• The grief-stricken widow refused to leave her dead husband’s side.
• The streets were full of panic-stricken people trying to escape the tear gas.
• There are few jobs for the peasants who have flooded into the cities from the poverty-stricken countryside in search of work.
Ravage
• The area has been ravaged by drought/floods/war.
• The village was ravaged [=devastated] by the plague.
• His health was gradually ravaged by drink and drugs
Scourge
• The hurricane scourged the coastal town, leaving behind a trail of destruction.
• War has scourged the region for years, leaving its infrastructure in ruins.
Ripple effect
📚If an event or action has a ripple effect, it causes several other events to happen one after the other.
1. Any slowdown could have a ripple effect on bonuses, house prices and tax receipts
▪️هرگونه کاهشی میتواند تاثیر زنجیره ای بر پاداش ها ، قیمت مسکن و درامدهای مالیاتی داشته باشد
2. The automotive industry has a ripple effect on many other industries
▪️صنعت اتوموبیل تاثیر زنجیره واری بر خیلی از صنایع دیگر دارد
3. She always hoped that the kindness she showed others would have a positive ripple effect through her community.
▪️همیشه آرزو داشت مهربونی‌ای که به بقیه نشون می‌ده، مثل یه موج مثبت تو جامعه‌اش پخش بشه
4. Many people believe that the flapping of a butterfly's wings can cause a ripple effect that impacts weather patterns hundreds of miles away.
▪️بسیاری از مردم بر این باورند که بال زدن یک پروانه میتواند موجی از تأثیرات را ایجاد کند که الگوهای آب و هوایی را در فاصله‌های چند صد مایلی تحت تأثیر قرار دهد.Synonym :
Butterfly effect
Domino effect
Up To Your Ears\Neck\Eyeballs in something
📚If you're up to your neck in something, or up to your eyeballs in something, you've got too much of it and it's become a problem.
1. Don't bother her - she's up to her eyeballs in paperwork.
2 . I am really up to my neck in work. It's the end of the financial year and I have so many accounts to finish.
3. Tony owes the bank a lot of money. He's up to his neck in debt.
4. Jenna is up to her eyeballs in research right now, so she won't be coming to lunch with us.
5. I only intended to be peripherally involved in David's business venture, but, before I knew it, I was in up to my eyeballs!
6. I only meant to be have a consulting role, but before I knew it I was in up to my ears in David's new business venture!
7. We're still unpacking our new house, so we're just up to our ears in boxes.
Exam Anxiety: The Science of Learning and Fear
#Videos
Between the devil and the deep blue sea
📚Make a difficult choice
1. No matter what I do, I’m going to end up losing my job. If I tell my boss, they will fire me. If I don’t say anything, they will eventually find out and I could face jail time. I’m literally stuck between the devil and the deep blue sea
▪️مهم نیست که چه کار کنم، در آخر شغلم را از دست خواهم داد. اگر به رئیسم بگم من را اخراج میکند . اگر چیزی نگم، آن‌ها در نهایت متوجه می‌شوند و ممکن است به زندان بیفتم. من به معنای واقعی کلمه بین بد و بدتر گیر کرده‌ام
2. You were really between the devil and the deep blue sea when you had to choose between your career and your relationship
▪️تو واقعاً بین بد و بدتر گیر کرده بودی، وقتی مجبور شدی بین شغلت و رابطه‌ات یکی رو انتخاب کنی
3. I was between the devil and the deep blue sea, for if I didn't take out another loan—and go deeper into debt—I could not pay off the debts I already owed.
▪️من واقعاً تو یه دوراهی سخت گیر کرده بودم. اگه یه وام دیگه نمی‌گرفتم—و بیشتر مقروض نمی‌شدم—نمی‌تونستم بدهی‌هامو صاف کنم
Idiomatic expressions related to travelling
Wanderlust
✈️🏝🎒In July wanderlust takes over the whole nation.
✈️🏝🎒His wanderlust would not allow him to stay long in one spot
Bitten by the (activity) bug
✈️🏝🎒Bitten by the travel bug, he then set off for a working holiday in Australia.
✈️🏝🎒My father is saving money to satisfy his travel bug by going on an all-India trip.’
Itchy feet
✈️🏝🎒Hearing the train whistle at night gives me itchy feet.
✈️🏝🎒I have permanently itchy feet, which I attribute to having spent most of my childhood in Africa
Globetrotter
✈️🏝🎒Japan last month, New York next month - you've become a regular globetrotter, haven't you?
Living out of a suitcase
✈️🏝🎒When Jennifer accepted her new job, she had no idea that she would have to live out of a suitcase for six months.
Jet-setting
✈️🏝🎒He was a rich and powerful publisher with a jet-setting lifestyle.
✈️🏝🎒Mark's dream of living the jet-setting life finally came to fruition after he won the lottery..
Glass ceiling
📚something that prevents someone, esp women, from getting a more important position in their organization
1. Many people believe that a glass ceiling exists within the tech industry because not many women hold prominent positions in the field.
▪️بسیاری از مردم بر این باورند که در صنعت فناوری یک سقف شیشه‌ای وجود دارد زیرا تعداد کمی از زنان در موقعیت‌های برجسته در این زمینه قرار دارند
2 . You think there's no glass ceiling here? OK, then why do none of the male board members listen to me in meetings?
▪️فکر می‌کنی اینجا سقف شیشه‌ای وجود ندارد؟ خوب، پس چرا هیچ‌یک از اعضای هیئت مدیره مرد در جلسات به من گوش نمی‌دهند؟
3. Her promotion to CEO was celebrated because she shattered the glass ceiling in a male-dominated industry.
▪️ترفیع او به عنوان مدیرعامل جشن گرفته شد زیرا او سقف شیشه‌ای را در یک صنعت مردانه شکست
4. Many minority employees encounter a glass ceiling when trying to reach senior leadership roles.
▪️بسیاری از کارمندان اقلیت در رسیدن به مقام‌های ارشد، با سد شیشه‌ای مواجه می‌شوند
Stereotypes [The Truth Behind Cultural Clichés]
#Videos
Stratum
Strata (plural form)
📚one of the parts or layers into which something is separated
1. The report shows that drugs have penetrated every stratum of American society
▪️گزارش حاکی از ان است که مواد مخدر به تمامی اقشار جامعه در امریکا نفوذ کرده
2. The lower strata of society have been hit especially hard by this economic downturn
▪️طبقات پایین جامعه ( دهک های پایین ) به شدت تحت تاثیر رکود اقتصادی قرار گرفتند
3. The rebels came overwhelmingly from the poorest strata of rural society
▪️اکثریت شورشیان از اقشار روستایی و فرو دست جامعه بودن
4. A particularly stratum of society may be politically dominant
▪️قشری خاص از جامعه ممکن است به لحاظ سیاسی غالب باشد.
5. The Prime Minister wants to reduce social stratification and make the country a classless society
نخست‌وزیر می‌خواهد نابرابری‌های اجتماعی را کاهش دهد و کشور را به یک جامعه بدون طبقات تبدیل کند
6. The Indian caste system is an example of social stratification
▪️سیستم کاستی در هند نمونه‌ای از نابرابری اجتماعی است.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Why Are We Violent? [Social Learning Theory]
#Videos
Moot point
📚A debatable question, an issue open to argument; also, an irrelevant question, a matter of no importance.
For example :
1. Whether Shakespeare actually wrote the poem remains a moot point among critics.
▪️اینکه آیا شکسپیر واقعاً این شعر را نوشته است یا نه، همچنان موضوعی مورد بحث و جدل بین منتقدان است.
2. A: "Have you looked at Harvard's program?" B: "That's a bit of a moot point, don't you think? I've already accepted a place at NYU
▪️آ: یا به برنامه هاروارد نگاهی انداخته‌ای؟" ب: "این موضوع کمی بی‌معناست، فکر نمی‌کنی؟ من قبلاً در NYU پذیرش گرفته‌ام."
3. The nutritional benefits of sunflower seeds are a moot point for those who are allergic to them.
▪️فواید تغذیه‌ای دانه‌های آفتابگردان برای کسانی که به آن‌ها آلرژی دارند، موضوعی بی‌فایده است.
4. I ended up becoming an engineer, so whether or not I would have been a good teacher is a moot point.
▪️من در نهایت مهندس شدم، بنابراین اینکه آیا می‌توانستم معلم خوبی باشم یا نه، موضوعی بی‌معناست.
On a shoestring (budget)
📚do something without spending a lot of money
1. I’m going travelling around Europe on a shoestring this summer because I don’t have a lot of money.
▪️چون پولی زیادی ندارم با بودجه کم میخوام دور اروپا رو سفر کنم
2. The film was made on a shoestring.
▪️فیلم با بودجه کم ساخته شد
3. Our schools are still running on a shoestring
▪️مدرسه ما هنوزم با بودجه کم اداره میشه
4. We were living on a shoestring for a while after our baby was born, but, luckily, I got a promotion, and our situation has improved a bit.
▪️بعد از تولد فرزندمان با چند غاز زندگی میکردیم ولی بعدش ترفیع گرفتم و شرایطمون بهتر شد
5. I'd love to come out to dinner with you, but I'm on a bit of a shoestring at the moment.
▪️دوست دارم شام باهم بریم بیرون ولی در حاضر به لحاظ مالی کمی تحت فشارم
Fight fire with fire
📚to fight against an opponent by using the same methods or weapons that the opponent uses
1. When the opposition began a smear campaign, we decided to fight fire with fire
▪️وقتی که رقیب‌ها شروع به راه‌اندازی یک کمپین تخریبی کردند، تصمیم گرفتیم با همان شیوه پاسخ دهیم.
2. Why does everyone immediately want to fight fire with fire these days? Can't we talk through our problems?
▪️چرا همه این روزها فوراً می‌خواهند با همان شیوه پاسخ دهند؟ نمی‌توانیم مشکلات‌مان را با گفتگو حل کنیم؟
3. The companies we compete against started spending a lot on advertising, so we had to fight fire with fire and also spend a lot in order to keep our market share.
▪️شرکت‌هایی که با آن‌ها رقابت می‌کنیم شروع به صرف هزینه‌های زیادی برای تبلیغات کردند، بنابراین ما هم مجبور شدیم برای حفظ سهم بازارمان، با همان شیوه عمل کنیم و هزینه‌های زیادی صرف کنیم.
🎧🎶🎸Fight Song-Rachel Platten
#Music
🆔@English_Alikhani
A double-edged sword
📚something that has or can have both favorable and unfavorable consequences
▪️شمشیر دو لبه ( چیزی که هم نتایج مطالوب و نامطلوب در پی دارد )
1. This much freedom of expression and opinion can be a double-edged sword.
▪️این حد از آزادی بیان و عقیده میتوان یک شمشیر دو لبه باشد
1. My new car is a double-edged sword, getting me to work but costing me a lot of money in gas and insurance.
▪️ماشین جدید من یک شمشیر دولبه است ، من را تا محل کارم میبرد ولی از طرفی کلی هزینه بابت بیمه و بنزین رو دستم میزارد
3. Being famous is often a double-edged sword.
▪️شهرت معمولاً یک شمشیر دو لبه است؛ از یک سو توجه و محبوبیت می‌آورد، اما از سوی دیگر فشار و انتظارات زیادی را هم به دنبال دارد.
4. Intelligence is a double-edged sword. Things may come easy to you, but people will always expect more.
▪️هوش مانند یک شمشیر دولبه است . همه چیز را به راحتی انجام میدهی ولی در عین حال انتظارات را بالا میبری.
Splash out UK
Splurge (out) US
📚to spend a lot of money on buying things, especially things that are pleasant to have but that you do not need:
1. They splashed out £3,000 on a holiday
2. After always spending the summers locally, we decided to splash out and travel to Paris this year instead.
3. Seeing as it was my birthday, I decided to splash out on a top-of-the-line sound system for my living room.
4. I had to queue for ages to get my shopping yesterday. The shops were full of people splashing out after pay day.
Synonyms :
🛒🛍Splurge (out) on
🛒🛍Go on a shopping spree
🛒🛍Throw your money around
🛒🛍Shop till (one) drops
🛒🛍 Go on a shopping/spending binge
Left-handed ˈcompliment US
(UK back-handed compliment)
📚A backhanded remark or compliment seems to express praise or admiration but in fact is insulting
1. The husband said the food was tasty, which seemed like a backhanded compliment since he ate only two spoonfuls.
▪️شوهر گفت که غذا خوشمزه است اما این یک تعریف کنایه‌آمیز به نظر می رسید. زیرا او فقط دو قاشق از آن غذا را خورد.
2. The teacher remarked that her essay was perfect despite many grammar mistakes – a backhanded compliment.
▪️معلم خاطرنشان کرد که مقاله‌ی او با وجود بسیاری از اشتباهات گرامری بی‌نقص بود - یک تعریف کنایه‌آمیز.
3. She told him that he looked much better than he usually did, which was a bit of a left-handed compliment.
▪️به او گفت که خیلی بهتر از همیشه به نظر می‌رسد، اما این یک تعریف کنایه‌آمیز بود.
4. It's hard to tell when she's being sarcastic as a joke or when she's really just paying you a backhanded compliment.
▪️تشخیص اینکه آیا داره از سرِ شوخی کنایه می‌زنه یا داره یه تعریف دوپهلو بهت می‌ده، واقعاً سخته
🎧🎹🎶🎸Harvest Moon-Neil YoungCome a little bit closer
Hear what I have to say
Just like children sleepin'
We could dream this night away
But there's a full moon risin'
Let's go dancin' in the light
We know where the music's playin'
Let's go out and feel the night
Because I'm still in love with you
I want to see you dance again
Because I'm still in love with you
On this harvest moon
When we were strangers
I watched you from afar
When we were lovers
I loved you with all my heart
But now it's gettin' late
And the moon is climbin' high
I want to celebrate
See it shinin' in your eye
Because I'm still in love with you
I want to see you dance again
Because I'm still in love with you
On this harvest moon
Because I'm still in love with you
I want to see you dance again
Because I'm still in love with you
On this harvest moon
#Music
🆔@English_Alikhani
Be the butt of someone’s joke
📚To be the person others laugh at or make fun of, often repeatedly.
Example:
1. When I first joined the office, I didn’t know anyone, and I accidentally spilled coffee during a meeting. After that, I became the butt of everyone’s jokes for weeks, they’d constantly tease me about “office floods.”
▪️وقتی تازه وارد شرکت شدم، توی اولین جلسه قهوه ریختم روی میز. از اون به بعد، چند هفته‌ای سوژه‌ی شوخی همه شده بودم. مدام می‌گفتن «امروز دیگه سیل نمیاد؟»😂😁
2. My big brother loves to tease me—every time he opens his mouth, I'm the butt of the joke.
▪️برادر بزرگم عاشق سر به سر گذاشتن با من است—هر بار که دهانش را باز میکند، من سوژه خنده‌اش می‌شوم.
3. No one likes being the butt of a joke, but the best thing to do is just laugh with them.
▪️هیچ‌کس دوست ندارد سوژه خنده باشد، اما بهترین کار این است که با آن‌ها بخندیم.
On the crest of a wave
📚If you say that you are on the crest of a wave, you mean that you are feeling very happy and confident because things are going well for you.
🌊🏄♀The band are riding on the crest of a wave with the success of their new single.
▪️این گروه با موفقیت تک‌آهنگ جدیدشان در اوج موفقیت قرار دارد.
🌊🏄♀He has reached the crest of the wave with his new book.
▪️او با کتاب جدیدش به اوج موفقیت رسیده است.
🌊🏄♀Our company is going from success to success. We're on the crest of a wave right now.
▪️شرکت ما از موفقیتی به موفقیت دیگر می‌رود. ما در حال حاضر در اوج موفقیت هستیم.
🌊🏄♀"Samantha's riding the crest of a wave right now. She's landed her dream job, found the right guy, and moved into a gorgeous apartment on the lower east side."
▪️سامانتا در حال حاضر در اوج موفقیت قرار دارد. او شغل رویایی‌اش را پیدا کرده، فرد مناسب را یافته و به یک آپارتمان زیبا در سمت شرقی پایین نقل مکان کرده است.
#Success
Justice Collocations
1. My lawyer is confident that we can bring the man who stole my money to justice.
2. Nothing I say will do justice to the catchiness of this song—you just have to hear it for yourself.
3 They offered a settlement in the interest of justice. (To make things right.)
4. Twenty years in jail for stealing a car? That sounds like Jersey justice to me.(UK)
5. The goal of a fair trial is to ensure that justice is blind, and that the outcome is based solely on the facts of the case.
6. Newly discovered DNA evidence reveals that there had been a miscarriage of justice in the trial's original outcome 30 years before.
7. She was convicted of perverting justice [=(US) obstructing justice] for lying to the police
8. The CEO of the cigarette manufacturer, who has long denied the health risks associated with smoking, just died of lung cancer—now isn't that poetic justice?😁
#Collocation
#Justice
Hung up on sb
📚having great or excessive interest in or preoccupation with someone or something
📚in love with sb who does not love you
1. They broke up but he's still hung up on her
▪️انها باهم بهم زدن ولی او هنوز هم به شدت به او علاقه مند است ( دائم به او فکر میکند)
2. Many people are hung up on their physical appearance
▪️خیلی از مردم مدام به سر و شکلشون فکر میکنند ( نگران قیافه خود هستن)
3. Parents of a toddler who are already hung up about her getting into a good college
▪️والدین دختر بچه ای که هیچی نشده ذهنشان مدام درگیر این است که او به یک کالج خوب برود
4. Don't get hung up on the details. Just try to do your best
▪️انقدر ذهنت را درگیر جزییات نکن . فقط تمام تلاشت را انجام بده
5. Jeff's personal hang-up is that he always felt like his parents supported his brother more than they supported him
▪️دغدغه شخصی جف این است که همیشه این حس رو داشت که والدین او حمایت بیشتری از برادرش کردم تا خود او.
6. Gee, why are you still so hung up about missing those end-of-year activities?
The worse for wear
📚tired or in poor condition because of a lot of work or use:
1. After a month of journeying over rough roads, the drivers and their trucks were looking the worse for wear.
▪️بعد از یک ماه رانندگی در جاده‌های ناهموار، رانندگان و کامیون‌هاشون حسابی خسته و فرسوده به نظر می‌رسیدند.
2. I'm the worse for wear after all these sleepless nights with a newborn. I feel like I could fall asleep standing up!
▪️بعد از این همه شب بی‌خوابی با یه نوزاد، از پا افتادم. حس می‌کنم می‌تونم سر پا هم خوابم ببره
3. These books are pretty worse for wear since I lent them to John. They look like they're about to fall apart!
▪️این کتابا از وقتی به جان قرض دادم، داغون شدن. انگار دارن از هم می‌پاشن
4. A: "Are you OK? You seem a little worse for wear." B: "I just need to catch my breath, that's all."
▪️الف: خوبی؟ یه کم خسته به نظر میای.
ب: فقط باید نفسمو تازه کنم، همین.