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UPSC History newspaper articles and notesAll the work done is in tandem with fair use policy of IPR laws- In case of an issue- contact. Admin: @vikas_kanukollu.( 9pm-10 pm) News analysis : @hinduhighlights Admin : @vikas_kanukollu

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✅Excavations at Mayiladumparai (Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu) show iron usage began around 4,200 years ago (~3rd millennium BCE).


⚜️Traditional View: Iron came to India around 700 BCE, first used in Gangetic Plains (UP, Bihar, Jharkhand).
⚜️New Findings:
Tamil Nadu may have used iron much earlier (around 3,345 BCE – 2,953 BCE).
⚜️Site of Discovery:
Mayiladumparai, Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu.
⚜️Evidence Found:
Iron tools, slag, furnaces, and radiocarbon dating.
⚜️Historical Impact:
Tamil Nadu might have directly entered the Iron Age, skipping the Copper Age due to lack of copper deposits.


🅾️Keeladi findings significance- Click here

🔶Also read about Thamirabarani civilisation

🔶Nayakas of Keladi- Click here

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⚠️ 2024 has been an eventful year for VK IAS- A lot of students asked if we would launch a Current Affairs course- This year, VK IAS has decided to make it FREE - It will require only one thing from you.

CONSISTENCY!
- I request you all to spread the word and help us reach out to a wider audience. The channel has not been active for a while -So we need your Support in reaching out to the larger set of audience.

🔰What does it take to build consistency?- Spend 10-15 minutes of your time DAILY on VK IAS youtube platform!. It can place you in a better situation!

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✅Durgadi Fort in Kalyan, Maharashtra

🅾️What?- Durgadi Fort was built during the 16th century when Kalyan was a prominent trading port under the Bijapur-based Adil Shahi Sultanate.

🅾️How did it become a Hindu site?- After the Marathas captured Kalyan in 1760, modifications were made to the fort. A temple dedicated to Goddess Durga was established. This marked the beginning of the Hindu religious association with the site. But the British took control of Kalyan in 1818. By the latter half of the 19th century, the Durga temple ceased to be a place of worship, and the idol of Goddess Durga was stolen in 1876.

🅾️Issue : Led to communal tensions.

⚠️What did the court say?- The court affirmed the Maharashtra government's ownership of the fort, allowing the state to make decisions regarding its use.

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✅St. Francis Xavier- jesuit saint of Goa


⚠️Also Read other news related to Goan History

⚜️1. Post Independent History-
Goa liberation

⚜️2. Goa’s Konsachem Festival and St. Bartholomew’s Feast-
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✅Classical language status- 5 New classical languages.

🅾️ A language is considered classical if it has a recorded history of at least 1500–2000 years, has a rich heritage passed down through generations, and its literary tradition is distinct and not borrowed from another speech community.In 2005, the criteria were adjusted to lower the historical threshold to 1500 years and added a requirement that there must be a discontinuity between the classical form and its modern derivatives.

🅾️New Changes in 2024:The "literary tradition" clause was removed, allowing modern languages to apply. A new emphasis was placed on "knowledge texts," including prose, poetry, and inscriptions.

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✅Great Stupa of Sanchi:

🅾️One of the oldest stone structures in India: Commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.  

🅾️Contains sacred relics of the Buddha: Built over the relics to honor and shelter them.  

🅾️Construction overseen by Ashoka's wife Devi: She was from Vidisha, a nearby trading town.  

🅾️Patronage from Vidisha's mercantile community: Supported the development of the Sanchi complex.

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🅾️Also read -Gs1-
Central Vista project

✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Values

➡️What is the vision, we should hold for India?- What are the values we need to embrace?-PM Modi's 'Panch Pran'-
Click here ( One of them is getting rid of colonial mentality)

👆The present article is an example of the same.

✅Another example?- Navy seal redesigned -
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✅Nalanda University- History-On June 19, 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new campus of Nalanda University near the ancient ruins in Rajgir, Bihar.

🔰Prelims details :

⚜️1. Founded in the 5th century CE during the Gupta dynasty- Patron=Kumaragupta I.

⚜️2. Nalanda faced its decline and eventual destruction in the 12th century. In 1193 CE, the university was sacked and destroyed by the army of Bakhtiyar Khilji, a Turkish Muslim conqueror. The invasion led to the devastation of the campus, destruction of its libraries, and dispersal of its scholars and monks.

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✅Chalcolithic Age- Different cultures

🅾️What to focus on?- Jorwe Culture,Malwa Culture,Kayatha culture, OCP and
PGW Cultures

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Kaushik merugu - AIR 82 cracked this exam in the very first attempt- what sets him apart is his wisdom.

He picked his battles very wisely- he knew his limitations and played the game to his strengths - his minimalistic approach worked in his favour.

Watch this talk on how his journey shaped up and how VK IAS was instrumental in his journey

MERUGU KAUSHIK AIR - 82 in 1st Attempt UPSC CSE 2023- VK IAS Mentorship
https://youtu.be/73Zso_cm-eA

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✅Types of Sarees- Imp for prelims

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✅Rani chennamma

🅾️Context of news - 200 years of Rani Chennamma’s rebellion against the British East India Company

🅾️Who?- Queen of Kittur- princely state - Now in karnataka-Famous for Kittur revolt of 1824

🅾️Cause of revolt?- British East India Company refused to recognise Shivalingappa, an adopted son as the successor of the kingdom under the ‘doctrine of lapse’- as per this-any princely state without a natural heir would collapse and would be annexed by the Company, On December 3, 1824, the British army attacked the Kittur Fort and captured it. Rani Chennamma and her family were imprisoned and jailed at the fort in Bailhongal, where she died in 1829

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Please join whatsapp channels for official communications regarding future plan of action : issue is being handled as of now


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✅Historical references in the original constitution text

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Note - update regarding the next video of the FREE current affairs series- i noticed that some people were asking about notes- the purpose of these videos is to actually MAKE you complete the tasks- which defeats the purpose if you just get notes- which will just be another pdf lying on your device. Neither you will sit through the video nor will you absorb the content in long run

P.s- the 👆 pic is an example of practical observation in your daily life- this looks like a traditional agarbatti ( incense stick) but its a mosquito repellant- which is a nice idea- a common knowledge for many, not so common for others- this is also a PYQ theme- ( remember lemon grass?) so these videos are meant for imbibing such structured thinking- not information delivery- please use them witb patience- follow me on this channel by subscribing-

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✅Gs-1 : Indian History- Art and culture- IVC script controversy

🅾️Why is Deciphering the Indus Script Important?What Makes the Indus Script Difficult to Decipher?

⚜️Absence of a bilingual inscription, like the Rosetta Stone.
⚜️Lack of clarity on whether it represents a full-fledged language or proto-writing.
⚜️The possibility that the script lacks phonetic components (sounds linked to symbols).

🔰Studies found that 90% of Indus symbols are also present in Tamil Nadu artifacts, suggesting a continuity or cultural exchange.


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✅Subramania Bharati


🅾️Who?- Subramania Bharati was a renowned Tamil poet and freedom fighter, often called the father of modern Tamil literature.

🅾️Role in the Freedom Struggle- He was part of a group in the Indian National Congress that supported armed resistance against British rule.e started his career as a journalist with the newspaper Swadesamitran in 1882.

🅾️Famous works include Kannan Pattu, Panchali Sapatham, and Kuyil Pattu.

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✅Thyagaraya- Lord Rama Devotee


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✅Important literary works

🅾️Jayadeva’s Gita Govinda- The article discusses Jayadeva, a renowned Sanskrit poet, and his famous work Gita Govinda, which is considered a masterpiece of Sanskrit literature.

🅾️ Jayadeva's Gita Govinda is known for its lyrical beauty, devotional themes, and deep connection with Vaishnavism-played a crucial role in the Odissi dance and music tradition, as it introduced a new style of performance


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✅Ahom charaideo Maidams- World heritage sites

🔶THINGS TO KNOW about cultural history of Assam ( in news) :
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✅Gs-1 : Post independent History- Emergency - events that happened- impact


Read this NCERT :
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/leps206.pdf

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✅Temples of Lord Ram

🅾️Kalaram Temple, Maharashtra-
Maharashtra's Nashik

🅾️Veerabhadra Temple, Andhra Pradesh-Lepakshi, renowned for its connection to the epic tale of Ramayana, is believed to be the site where Jatayu, the giant eagle

🅾️Guruvayur Temple and Thriprayar Shree Ramaswami Temple, Kerala- also note that - Lord Krishna temple in Guruvayur, nestled in the heart of Thrissur district.

🅾️Ranganathaswamy Temple, Tamil Nadu

🅾️PM Modi visited the Sri Kothandaramaswamy temple, which is on the way towards Dhanushkodi and Arichal Munai.

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✅VK IAS Mentorship Program-2025 Brochure.

🅾️Those who applied- please have a look now.


🔰Application Form = https://forms.gle/u9ZEwssHsvcagKM17

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✅Gs1: Geography- Industries- Tea industry

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🛑All the News issues related to Tea industry=
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🅾️This new issue- History of tea

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✅Facts About the history of Martial Arts in India


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What next for VK IAS? - crisis as an opportunity and the journey behind VK IAS.
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✅Nashik’s Kalaram Temple

🅾️Context : PM modi visited this temple

🅾️Cultural significance : part of the Ramayana’s Panchavati area where Lord Ram resided in exile

🅾️ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar also led a temple entry movement for Dalits here along with Sane Guruji (Pandurang Sadashiv Sane)

🅾️This area earned its name from five auspicious banyan trees present during Ram’s stint described in the Ramayana epic.

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