UPSC History newspaper articles and notesAll the work done is in tandem with fair use policy of IPR laws- In case of an issue- contact. Admin: @vikas_kanukollu.( 9pm-10 pm) News analysis : @hinduhighlights Admin : @vikas_kanukollu
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✅Goa’s Konsachem Festival and St. Bartholomew’s Feast
🅾️What?- observed by Goan Hindus and Catholics, honors the new rice grains, known as konxeo in Konkani- basically a festival related to agriculture ( rice)
🅾️Who is Bartholomew?- He was a chirtsian Missionary-Bartholomew is believed to have landed in Kallianpur and preached along the Konkan coast, reaching as far as Karachi.He is revered for his martyrdom in Azerbaijan and his role in the Christianization of Armenia and Georgia.
⚠️ Research by scholars underscores Christianity’s roots in India dating back to the periods even before Portuguese came to india- reinforcing its integral place in Indian faith traditions.
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✅Sita Devi birth place- Mithila region history
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✅Karan Singh’s Proclamation of 1949
🅾️Historical Context: Instrument of Accession signed by Hari Singh brought J&K into India, but it retained some autonomy, a status clarified and concluded by Karan Singh's proclamation
🅾️Abrogation of Article 370: Supreme Court upheld the decision, ruling that Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) did not retain sovereignty after joining India.
🅾️Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud's Judgment: Cited Yuvraj Karan Singh’s 1949 proclamation as a key factor.
🅾️Yuvraj Karan Singh's Proclamation (1949): Declared the Constitution of India would supersede and abrogate all inconsistent constitutional provisions in J&K.
🅾️Legal Impact: Paragraph 8 of the Instrument of Accession became legally irrelevant, marking the full surrender of J&K’s sovereignty to India.
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✅The prelims season is coming.
✅What skills are needed to clear the prelims exam ?
🔥A video to decode prelims exam into a step-by-step actionable agenda is coming up tomorrow. This will also explain how VK IAS's upcoming prelims mentorship program will address the needs of student( Not just a test series with 1000s of questions 🙂)
✅Even if you don't decide to take the mentorship program ( with CA classes and Test series) - feel free to use this video to plan your prelims preparation and reduce uncertainty.
⭐️ Along with this - High yielding IE Explained series of videos are also planned for YouTube. Good luck 🙂
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✅Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976)- use this tag #Personalities to know about others in news
🅾️Who?- poet, writer, and musician from Bengal,well-known for his songs, which are called “Nazrulgeeti.”
🅾️He is also known as “Vidrohi Kavi (Rebel Poet)”
🅾️He is celebrated as the national poet of Bangladesh and is also revered in West Bengal, India.
⚠️Famous works - "Bidrohi" and "Bhangar Gaan" ,"Rajbandir Jabanbandi" and Dhumketu.
➡️At the time of Bangladesh's independence in 1971 poet Nazrul was staying in Kolkata. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman brought him to Dhaka with state honours. He died in 1976.
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✅Gs-2 : IR- Indian diaspora
✅Gs-1 : Modern India- Indentured labourers- History
🛑The British instituted the Indentured Labor System in 1843, which persisted until 1920. This system involved a form of bonded labor in which approximately 3.5 million Indians were relocated to various British colonies across the globe to supply labor for British-owned plantations.Indians were taken to several British colonies, including places like Fiji, Mauritius, the Caribbean (Trinidad, Guyana, Jamaica), South Africa, and Southeast Asia, among others.
⚠️A very beautiful line that can be used in essay is annotated in red- Use it as an example in Intro
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✅Chamundi Theyyam
🅾️What to focus on?- Region/purpose and social significance- also important for anthropology students
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✅Yom Kippur war
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/channel/sahithya_aladakatti
One of the subscriber has sent me this audio clip from a previous ranker . Ms. Sahitya IAS has actually summed up how to use the channel.
Never met her... or had any interaction. But glad that the work done has benefitted people. Thank you Ms. Sahitya IAS for sharing your thoughts - 🙂 Like I said in the past, this is meant for everyone , and now aims to be a repository for future generations. All it takes is your willingness to unmute and use it🙂
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✅Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas- UNESCO World Heritage sites
🅾️What?- UNESCO added Karnataka’s Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas(10th and 14th centuries) to its prestigious World Heritage list.
🔰Which temples?
⚜️1. Chennakesava Temple in Belur- constructed by King Vishnuvardhana of the Hoysala dynasty in the 12th century
⚜️2. Kappe Chennigaraya Temple, Veeranarayana Temple, and Ranganayaki Temple
⚜️3. Common architectural features of the Hoysala temples-hyper-real sculptures, stone carvings adorning the entire architectural surface, large-scale sculptural galleries, multi-tiered friezes, and depictions of the Sala legend
➡️Also read about Hoyasala architecture- lakshmi narasimha temple
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✅World’s Tallest Nataraja Statue
🅾️Where?- at New Delhi’s Pragati Maidan- to greet G20 leaders-crafted by sculptors from Swamimalai, Tamil Nadu.
🅾️Inspiration-inspiration from Nataraja idols found in Chidambaram, Konerirajapuram, and the Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, all originally constructed during the Chola dynasty’s zenith in the 9th-11th centuries AD.
🔰In his Nataraja form, Lord Shiva represents both the creator and the destroyer, dancing within a circle of flames. This depiction showcases him as a force of destruction, representing death and time, while also being a guardian offering protection and removing fear.
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✅Megalithic site in kerala
🅾️Where?- Nagaparamba in malappuram district
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✅Gond Queen- Rani Durgavati
🔰Other important women in news who were from royal clans of the past :
⚜️1. Rani Velu Nachiyar
⚜️2. Kota Rani- Mother Queen of Kashmir
⚜️3. Ahilya devi
⚜️4. Rani padmini
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✅Teen murti complex- renamed as PM's museum and library
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✅Odisha GI tags- Focus on how they can help tribal population's livelihood
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✅Dunki - History of passport and the donkey journey route
🅾️What?- A dangerous immigration route taken by several lakhs of Indians to reach countries like the US, the UK or Europe.
📍Route :
⚜️Migrants first travel to a Latin American country, often via visa on arrival or easily obtained tourist visas.
⚜️Trafficking networks in these countries facilitate further illegal migration.From Colombia, migrants face the Darién Gap, known for its hazards including wildlife and criminal gangs.
⚜️An alternate route involves travel from San Andrés to Fisherman’s Cay, then onward by boat towards Mexico.
In Mexico, the journey continues with the goal of evading law enforcement en route to the US border.
⚜️The US-Mexico border, featuring a fence and the Rio Grande, is a critical hurdle before potential detention post-crossing.
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✅Anirvesh Prelims Mentorship program of VK IAS
➡️Deliverables :
⚜️1. Know what NOT to read from static part- Get more output from less material
⚜️2. Thematic Current affairs from last 3 years- covered in roughly 50-60 hours.
⚜️3. Practicing the Strategies on how to approach the 100 questions in actual UPSC prelims exam through 20 high quality thematic tests.
✅Registration link for prelims mentorship program - https://courses.vkias.com/course/AnirveshPrelimsMentorshipprogram-2024-62126 ( You can find the brochure and schedule here)
https://youtu.be/btrKPOXSg3k
A lot of research went into understanding the actual problem for prelims - Irrespective of where and how you are preparing for this exam- this is relevant for all UPSC Aspirants. Please do watch this- without fail and also without getting distracted. I request you not to watch it casually - Take time to let it sink and contemplate so that you can understand your problems before taking a decision .
- Yours VK.
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✅St. Thomas- Christianity- Kolkali art
🅾️In the Malayalam language, "Kol" means stick, and "kali" means dance
🅾️Inspiration : Kalaripayattu, the martial art practiced in Kerala and Tamil Nadu
⚠️Note : There is no historical link b/w St. Thomas and the Kolkali. St. Thomas who brought chrisianity to India landed in Muziris somewhere around 52 AD (now identified with sites near modern-day North Paravur and Kodungallur in Kerala State, India) while Kolkali is a folk dance form that emerged approximately 200 years ago in the North Malabar region of Kerala.However, it is common in various cultures to incorporate local traditions and art forms into religious celebrations or remembrances. Therefore, Kolkali could be performed during events that commemorate St. Thomas as a way of celebrating Kerala's cultural diversity.
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✅UNESCO names Kozhikode ‘city of literature’
🅾️UNESCO's Creative Cities Network : Created in 2004 to promote cooperation among cities that have identified creativity as a strategic factor for sustainable urban development.
🅾️It was launched to promote UNESCO’s goals of cultural diversity and strengthen resilience to threats such as climate change, rising inequality, and rapid urbanisation. It encourages a culture of creativity in urban planning and solutions to urban problems.
🅾️Apart from Kozhikode and Gwalior, Varanasi (music), Srinagar (crafts and folk arts) and Chennai (music) are part of the network.
🅾️Why kozhikode?- North Kerala city of Kozhikode is home to many promiment personalities of the state’s literary and cultural world. The city, where several leading media houses are headquartered, has 100s of publishing banners and several libraries .
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✅Gs-3 : Defence technology- Project Udbhav- Integration with ancient Indian military wisdom
✅Prelims pointers : Nitisara and arthashastra are written by______??
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✅Satavahana Dynasty- Andhra
🅾️What?- store this map- Look at the locations given in the map- Ancient port cities-this is an important theme for UPSC Prelims- often questions are asked on their history- some important ancient ports are : I told this last year as well- read this news
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✅108-Foot Adi Shankaracharya Statue in Omkareshwar
📍Adi Shankaracharya: Key facts for UPSC Prelims
⚜️Title: Jagatguru
⚜️Birthplace: Kaladi, Ernakulam, Kerala
⚜️Guru: Govinda Bhagavatpada
⚜️Key Texts: Gaudapadiya Karika, Brahmasutra, Vedas, Upanishads
⚜️Philosophies: Advaita Vedanta, Dashanami Sampradaya
⚜️Disciples- They were known for :
📍1. Padmapada: Devotion, Poetry
📍2. Totakacharya: Mission, "Totakashtakam"
📍3. Hasta Malaka: Child Prodigy, Advaita
📍4. Sureshwara: Householder to Disciple
⚜️Mathas:
📍Sri Sringeri Sharada Peetam, Karnataka
📍Jyotir Matha, Uttarakhand
📍Kalika Matha, Dwarka, Gujarat
📍Govardhana Matha, Puri, Odisha
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✅Modern sculptural tradition
➡️Example of New parliament building and the red sandstone sculptures- total 6 in number
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✅India club - being closed
📍India Club Location and Inception
⚜️Situated at the Strand Continental Hotel in London.
⚜️Inaugurated in 1951 by the India League.
📍India League's Initial Objective : Advocated for Indian independence and self-rule, known as swaraj.
📍Notable Visitors
⚜️Dr. Rajendra Prasad (First President of independent India).
⚜️Lord Mountbatten (Last Viceroy of India).
⚜️Jawaharlal Nehru (Former Indian Prime Minister).
⚜️VK Krishna Menon (Diplomat and former Indian Defence Minister).
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✅From Meluha to India: The Journey of Names of India
🅾️Ancient names of India include Meluha, Bharata, Aryavarta, Hindustan.The Constitution retained both India and Bharat as the official names.
🅾️There is a debate about changing the official name to 'Republic of Bharat'.
🅾️The change is seen as a reflection of India's ancient identity and cultural heritage.
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✅Govt protection of Manuscripts
➡️Bakhshali manuscript, an ancient Indian mathematical text written on birch bark, is considered to be the earliest recorded example of the use of zero
🅾️World’s first Palm-leaf Manuscript Museum in Kerala( Thiruvananthapuram)- Click here
🅾️What are Buranjis- Click here
➡️ You can also add this as an example in how digital infra can safeguard our culture- just like how digital infra can save biodiversity- Virtual herbarium
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⚠️WHY SHOULD YOU LEARN HISTORY?- What is the demand of the exam?- read this very important article
👆Similarly this present article is beautiful way of narrating a topic- MUST READ for essay!
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Here is the much awaited application form :https://forms.gle/9PhDx24YoBkrt7EJA
⚠️Involves both prelims and mains-
Phase 1 :Mains Valid from june till december 31st
⚜️1. No of Mains tests- 12 ( based on PYQs)
⚜️2. No. of Essays- 8- supplemented with lectures, relevant material ( You need to complete this by dec 31st- time will be given for optional also)
Phase 2 : Prelims CA + Test series+ Mentorship on static subjects
⚜️Tentatively from mid December
Please read the deliverables above and fill the form given above
⚠️This program does not involve teaching of STATIC subjects but current affairs ONLY!
Price : 45,000/- + GST