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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Satellites Reentry and the hazards / space junk
➡️Read the background in this article- Click here
🔰S&T news : t.me/sciencehighlights
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅GS3- Space- moon exploration- Chandrayaan-3
✅History of lunar exploration- click here
🅾️Priorities for ISRO's space program- click here
🅾️Why chances of contact with the chandrayaan rover:Vikram was very low?- click here
🅾️Lessons from chandrayaan failure- click here
🔰China's lunar mission- click here
🅾️Water on Moon- Implications - MUST READ
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅GS3- Science and technology- National science , Technology and Innovation policy
🅾️Context : National Research Foundation- NRF- Expenditure on R&D
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅VK IAS Mentorship program- expression of interest -2023 mains .
https://forms.gle/5JJHFaeLdgJaZ4GN8
✅This is only for 2023 mains - 2024 candidates please wait till June 9th.
#SnT
✅Gs-3 : Science and tech- Biotech
🅾️What is Genome sequencing?- Click here
🅾️Next generation sequencing : Click here
🅾️Background- Human Genome project and its significance
🅾️Importance - India's capacity to handle novel virus strains- virologic studies
🔰Difference between Reference Map and Pangenome Map:
⚜️Reference Map: Represents a single, representative genome for a species.The reference genome map is a high-quality, complete representation of a particular organism's genome. It serves as a standard or blueprint against which other individual genomes can be compared and analyzed.
⚜️Pangenome Map: Includes the genetic info from multiple individuals or populations, accounting for genetic variation within a species- It captures the diversity of genetic sequences and reveal unique variations absent in a reference map
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Biotechnology
🛑 What is Genome sequencing?- Click here
🛑Background- Human Genome project and its significance
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅What is carbon dating?
🅾️1. What?- method to establish the age of organic materials
🅾️2. How?- Living organisms absorb both the regular carbon-12 (C-12) and a small amount of carbon-14 (C-14) through the air they breathe or the food they eat
🅾️3.Radioactive decay= After death- The C-14 in its body starts to break down By measuring the amount of C-14 left in a sample, scientists can calculate how long it has been since the organism died.
🅾️4. Exceptions?- most effective for objects that are less than 50,000 years old because after that point, the amount of C-14 left is too small to measure accurately.
🅾️5. Applicable only for organic/living beings-For determining the age of inanimate things, instead of carbon, decays of other radioactive elements that might be present in the material become the basis for the dating method.
🔰Science and Tech news : /channel/sciencehighlights
✅Registration link for 200 MOST IMPORTANT THEME based questions for prelims 2023 : https://vkias.com/test-series
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Psychotropic substances
➡️For prelims :
⚜️1. Legal provisions
⚜️2. what is synaesthesia?
🔰Science and Tech news : /channel/sciencehighlights
✅Registration link for 200 MOST IMPORTANT THEME based questions for prelims 2023 : https://vkias.com/test-series
✅As requested by many- I will be conducting two mock tests which will cover the most important contemporary themes- you can attempt and revise these themes till last minute - Will also provide additional info which can be relevant for prelims under solutions
👆This product will cover those aspects which are not usually asked in newspapers- Especially IR, UN websites- latest initiatives and unconventional static question concepts- while remaining close to UPSC's style of questions.
👆Please subscribe - I am confident that you will not be disappointed with the whole experience - Due to lack of time, PDF report generation will be difficult but elaborate solutions will be available for subscribers on the website - Spend time on each option and solution with relevant directions and you will not regret during the actual prelims exam - DONT WORRY ABOUT THE MARKS- they are by no metric a reflection of the actual exam's performance🙂
✅Subscription link : https://vkias.com/test-series
#SnT
✅VPN explained in simple words
🅾️VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. It is a technology that allows you to create a secure connection between your computer or mobile device and the internet, even when you're using public Wi-Fi networks.
🅾️How does it work?- When you connect to the internet using a VPN, your internet traffic is routed through a private server. This server encrypts your data, making it unreadable to anyone -hackers or government surveillance agencies.
🅾️This helps protect your data and online activities from hackers, government surveillance
🅾️Context : (CERT-In) issued norms under which VPN providers have to record personal information of their customers- VPNs do not function like comprehensive anti-virus software. While they protect one’s IP and encrypt one’s internet history, a VPN connection does not protect one’s computer from outside intrusion.
🔰Science and Tech news : /channel/sciencehighlights
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🎖Prelims Quiz channel- Unmute the channel and solve this imp conceptual questions
⚠️-> Expecting a question on the cyber security basics asked in this question-
please solve- /channel/Quizhighlights/442
#SnT
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- IN SIMPLE language
✅What?- Large hadron collider- The primary purpose of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to study the fundamental nature of matter and the universe. By colliding particles at extremely high energies, scientists can study the resulting particles and learn more about the basic building blocks of matter
🔰Science and Tech news : /channel/sciencehighlights
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅PHA plastics
⚠️PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates) plastic is a type of biodegradable plastic that is made from renewable resources, such as plant starches and oils. In contrast, traditional plastic is typically made from non-renewable resources, such as petroleum.
🅾️Plastics can also be produced from starch, a natural polymer. Microorganisms transform this natural polymer to lactic acid, which is chemically treated to produce a plastic, polylactide (PLA)- Another option for sustainable plastics-But this is an expensive method.
🅾️Biodegradable plastic products currently in the market are about two to 10 times more expensive than traditional plastics. Unlike production of PLA and PHA made by fermentation, producing PLA through crops will involve competition for land needed to grow crops for human consumption.
👆 solve this question-click here
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅IndEA (Indian Enterprise Architecture)
🅾️What?- framework to establish a common language, standards, and practices for government departments and agencies-for achieving interoperability, standardization, and optimization of government services.
🔰4 main components:
⚜️Business Architecture: This component defines the business functions, processes, capabilities, and goals of the organization.
⚜️Data Architecture: This component defines the data structures, formats, and standards used by the organization to store and manage information.
⚜️Application Architecture: This component defines the software applications used by the organization and how they interact with each other and with other systems.
⚜️Technology Architecture: This component defines the hardware, networks, and infrastructure required to support the organization's IT systems.
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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#SnT
✅Gluconeogenesis in hummingbirds
🅾️Context : Recent study -hummingbirds lost the gene (FBP2)- imp for Gluconeogenesis which is a process that transforms non-carbohydrate to glucose- i.e. regarding metabolism
🅾️Practical significance : This unique metabolism can help us in innovations that can deal with therapeutic applications like dealing with diabetes
⚜️Hummingbird is comparable to Indian sunbird-Indian Sunbirds
‼️⚠️How to link geography and environment with history?-
🎖sunbirds -critical pollinators of the ‘Flame of the Forest’ a leguminous tree- native to Eastern India and Myanmar
‼️ The Battle of Plassey was fought in the town of Palashi, named after the Palash tree/ also called modugu tree- Produces lac and its leaves can be used to make eco-friendly plates -Imp keystone species in the local ecosystem
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅Frontier Model Forum
🅾️What?- an industry-led body - To address security risks-foster responsible AI
🅾️Members- Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI – the Forum aims to focus on safe AI development, with a particular emphasis on frontier models, which are large-scale machine-learning models with extensive capabilities.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅GS3- Science and technology- National science , Technology and Innovation policy
🅾️Context : National Research Foundation- NRF- Expenditure on R&D
🅾️What is the need of the hour?- Read the highlights in blue
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Graphene
🅾️Graphene?- thinnest, most electrically and thermally conductive material in the world- Discovered very recently- 2004.
🅾️Leading producers?- China, Brazil
🅾️Why so important?- could replace Indium - will help in bringing down the cost of OLED (organic light-emitting diode) screens in smartphones
🎖Important applications : anti-corrosion coatings and paints, sensors, faster and more efficient electronics, flexible displays, efficient solar panels, accelerated DNA sequencing, drug delivery systems
🔰Science and Tech news : /channel/sciencehighlights
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Here is the mandatory audit of work done @hinduhighlights for prelims 2023. Marked the relevant info within the pdf itself.
✅Disclaimer: this is not a claim of questions - consider this as an accountability statement. Though @hinduhighlights transformed into VK IAS - the work shall continue with new learnings ,insights and shall continue to remain free . VK IAS is a platform meant for targetted mentorship which takes time and resources beyond what i can do here for free. There can be errors in this key despite due diligence and proofs. Pls share them with me if any. Good luck.
✅ To all those people who messaged me for Mentorship program for 2023 mains as well as 2024
✅The program details for 2023 mains will be launched first and i can accomodate limited people only who can undergo the rigorous program for next 3-4 months.
✅The mentorship program of 2024 will be announced( again for a limited number) by June 12th with updated learnings - stay tuned 🙂
Yours VK
Founder VK IAS (@hinduhighlights)
✅Gs-3 : Science and Technology- Genome sequencing- Monkey pox virus
🛑 What is Genome sequencing?- Click here
🛑Background- Human Genome project and its significance
🛑Importance of Genome sequencing - India's capacity to handle novel virus strains- virologic studies
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅This single document can help you in greatly reducing your CSAT fear 🙂
✅Good luck!
Vikas Kanukollu (VK ) - Founder VK IAS
Telegram : @hinduhighlights
⚠️Some of you are confused what Thematic test means and WHY THIS IS NOT ANY RANDOM TEST series- So I am directly posting one question from the test for you to understand🙂
As soon as you see this your probable reaction-
" How and from where am I supposed to byheart all this from- What nonsense is this ! "
But if you Solved PYQs- you know the terms prajnaparamita, Manimegalai, theravada- So you are expected to solve this question with the help of these concepts only!
So through this one question's explanation - You are going to learn
1. How to Revise High yielding PYQ themes
2. some new relevant facts ( the reasons for putting these facts out of all the other stuff in the world is Some current development)
3. Learn and practice logical elimination ( not through some elimination technique but using your existing knowledge alone)
⚠️Giving this clarity for making an informed decision - Now read this- Click here
⚠️If this serves your need- link for registration :https://vkias.com/test-series
⚠️Attention : ONE MORE FAQ- Why should I Subscribe to the test series when there are so many tests? : What do I mean by Contemporary themes? - Click here
👆You may or may not subscribe- That is your prerogative - I shall make no claims that THIS IS THE BEST
🅾️But let me help you understand why this can save your time
✅Claim : regenerative agriculture is important -Click here
🅾️Why?
⚜️From PYQ perspective - from 2010,2012, 14,16,17,19 and 2020- Conservation of soil, water are asked- various state governments are supporting the idea-
⚜️My deliverable?
1. Make questions in a way to reinforce both concepts and memory within the scope of UPSC question paper's design
2. solution that I give should cover more relevant facts that you can Use in prelims 2023- Contextual facts are always easier to remember.
And the cost of all this research to save your time is 1 Rs per question- If you still have concerns, I will address them tomorrow 🙂
Test registration link : https://vkias.com/test-series
✅Prelims 2023- Science and tech - Important themes < dont just memorise facts but understand the trends>
⚠️IF YOU FOCUS- Going through the headings and reading the comments will take 1-2 hours- it is worth it :)
LUX-ZEPLIN experiment - /channel/hinduhighlights/11114
china- space ambitions- mars, moon etc- /channel/hinduhighlights/8014
What is 5G?- /channel/hinduhighlights/411 ( contemporary/old issue- Equilization levy/google tax-OECD - /channel/hinduhighlights/817
Virual reality - /channel/hinduhighlights/9227
Marburg virus Disease- /channel/upschighlights/5548
Health- Reduction of TransFat- Directives by FSSAI- /channel/hinduhighlights/6799
Dark Sky Reserve - India's 1st- /channel/upschighlights/5246
CAR-T cell therapy, PAC, etc- /channel/sciencehighlights/786
Lunar exploration- Artemis Mission - all the embedded links in - /channel/hinduhighlights/10802
life cycle of a star - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2SUWOkzTlc
AI Bhashini- vernacular content - /channel/hinduhighlights/12177
Bio computers
GM mustard- /channel/hinduhighlights/11706
Digital twin - /channel/upschighlights/4942
Blockchain- Ethereum Merger- /channel/hinduhighlights/11546 ( expecting some question on terminology associated with block chain)
What is the PEG 10 ?- Genetic delivery systems- /channel/hinduhighlights/12217
- Deep fakes regulation /channel/hinduhighlights/12000
Satellites Reentry and the hazards- /channel/hinduhighlights/11965
Nuclear Energy for sustainable development- /channel/hinduhighlights/11916
CrCoNi- /channel/hinduhighlights/11912
Satellite based internet- You should understand the basics of communication technology for this - /channel/hinduhighlights/11594
Biodecomposer- who standards for pollution- /channel/hinduhighlights/11542
Viral Integration- /channel/upschighlights/5582
JUICE mission- /channel/upschighlights/5576
First DNA Vaccine for Dengue- /channel/upschighlights/5492
Regulated Chemicals as a theme - /channel/upschighlights/5504
Gluconeogenesis-/channel/upschighlights/5484
HAKUTO Lunar exploration Mission- /channel/upschighlights/5369
Medicinal plants- Imp for prelims- Identify the name- the purpose and geography( Endemism)- /channel/upschighlights/5366
Muscat manifesto- /channel/upschighlights/5350
🅾️Rubella vaccine- /channel/upschighlights/5347
Vikram-s -1st private space rocket in india- /channel/upschighlights/5340
C295 aircraft- /channel/upschighlights/5305
‘Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD)’-/channel/upschighlights/5249
✅Cervavac- /channel/upschighlights/5239
Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM)- /channel/upschighlights/5213
✅Astrobee- /channel/upschighlights/5138
AlphaFold- /channel/upschighlights/5131
Web 3.0 vs Web 2.0 vs Web 1.0- /channel/upschighlights/5084
Kill Switch?- /channel/upschighlights/5072
Edge computing vs IOT- /channel/upschighlights/5060
Sodium-Ion Battery- /channel/upschighlights/5054
National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI)- /channel/upschighlights/5028
TiHAN: India’s first Autonomous Navigation facility- /channel/upschighlights/5013
Some Trivia about snakes. -/channel/upschighlights/5008
Thiomargarita magnifica Bacteria- /channel/upschighlights/4980
Gene modulation- /channel/hinduhighlights/11418
Nitrate absorption in plants- /channel/hinduhighlights/11058
NFT - /channel/hinduhighlights/10781
International space station- /channel/hinduhighlights/10309, /channel/hinduhighlights/10165
Superconductivity and its applications- /channel/hinduhighlights/9504
Ethanol Blending program, Mission Innovation (MI) - CleanTech Exchange IC4 – Sustainable biofuels- Bioenergy crops, flex fuel vehicles- /channel/hinduhighlights/10770
GAIA spacecraft and Hubble telescope- /channel/hinduhighlights/11662
Pandemic risk pool- /channel/hinduhighlights/7338
VPN - /channel/sciencehighlights/814
👆On what basis are the questions framed?
🅾️1. PYQ themes- emphasis on strong conceptual clarity
🅾️2. Extrapolation of those themes with the help of contemporary /current issues posted on @hinduhighlights and @upschighlights
➡️Caution : Use the elimination techniques only on questions which are completely out of the blue - not on themes which already appeared in previous years+ static
⚠️Registration link : https://vkias.com/test-series
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- IN SIMPLE language
🅾️But what is the problem it is trying to solve?- The Standard Model of physics is like a puzzle with missing pieces. The LHC is like a giant microscope that helps scientists look at the pieces and see how they fit together.
There are still some missing pieces that the LHC hasn't been able to find yet, which makes the puzzle incomplete. These missing pieces include things like dark matter and dark energy, which are believed to make up a significant portion of the universe but can't be directly observed or studied with the LHC.
⚠️In addition, the LHC has found some unexpected results that don't quite fit with the Standard Model, like the fact that neutrinos have mass, which was previously thought to be zero. These discoveries are like finding pieces that don't quite fit with the rest of the puzzle, and they challenge physicists to come up with new theories or modifications to the Standard Model to account for them.
🔰Science and Tech news : /channel/sciencehighlights
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)
🅾️What?- An instrument that will allow scientists to monitor air pollutants and their emission sources from space more comprehensively than ever before- by NASA-using SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket
🅾️A unique feature of TEMPO- hosted on an Intelsat communications satellite in geostationary orbit.Existing pollution-monitoring satellites are in low Earth orbit, which means they can only provide observations once a day at a fixed time.“Geostationary orbit is a common orbit for weather satellites and communications satellites, but an air quality instrument measuring gases hadn’t been there yet
🅾️TEMPO will match the rotation of the Earth, meaning it will stay over the same location — North America — at all times.
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅Applications of piezoelectric effect
🅾️Ultrasonic imaging
🅾️Energy harvesting: Piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy, such as vibrations and pressure, into electrical energy.
🅾️Sensors and actuators:- In devices such as inkjet printers, where they control the flow of ink onto the paper.
🅾️Industrial manufacturing: precision machining, welding, and bonding- automotive industry to control the fuel injection system and the suspension system.
🅾️Musical instruments: Piezoelectric materials are used in musical instruments, such as electric guitars and violins
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅India’s First DNA Vaccine for Dengue-CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia
🅾️What?- type of vaccine that uses a small piece of DNA-injected directly into the body's cells, where it instructs the cells to produce the antigen.
🅾️The ZyCoV-D is the world's first and India's indigenously developed DNA based vaccine for COVID-19.
🅾️Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical disease-caused by the dengue virus (Genus Flavivirus), transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes, principally Aedes aegypti.
⚠️This mosquito also transmits chikungunya and Zika infection.
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#SnT
✅ALMA telescope-Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)
🅾️What are some of the other important millimetre telescopes around the world?
⚜️Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano (LMT): Located in Mexico, the LMT is the world's largest single-dish millimetre telescope
⚜️James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT): Located on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii=can observe, the structure of the Milky Way
⚜️South Pole Telescope (SPT)- Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica
⚜️Submillimeter Array (SMA): Located atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii
🎖 @upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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