58520
Prelims info from newspaper articles will be posted here as summary McQ : @Quizhighlights Contact : @vikas_kanukollu between 9:30Pm and 10:00 PM daily for prep related queries
#IR
✅New BRICS members
🅾️The initial BRIC nations shared two primary characteristics: expansive economies and promising growth prospects.
🅾️The extended BRICS-11 ensemble is more diverse; while some members are grappling with crises, others are flourishing.
➡️This diversity could indicate a broadening of the group's focus beyond just economic concerns.
⚠️Imp point : Presence of rivals Saudi and Iran.
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#Environment
✅Green Hydrogen Standard in India
⚜️ Definition: Hydrogen with well-to-gate emissions ≤ 2 kg CO₂ equivalent/kg of hydrogen.
⚜️Scope: Includes electrolysis-based and biomass-based production.
⚜️Significance: Ensures consistency, transparency; aligns with renewable energy goals.
📍Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Role: Nodal authority for accrediting agencies; monitors, verifies, certifies green hydrogen projects.
📍National Green Hydrogen Mission
⚜️Aim: Produce 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030.
⚜️Associated Renewable Energy: 125 GW.
⚜️Contribution: Aligns with India's sustainable energy commitment.
📍Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) Program
⚜️Incentives: For domestic electrolyser production, green hydrogen generation.
⚜️Impact: Fosters technology development, cost reduction.
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#SnT
✅India's 1st 3D printed post office
🅾️Where?- Bengaluru- model for low cost housing
🅾️What is 3D printing?- 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a transformative technology that allows the creation of three-dimensional objects from a digital file.
🔰Also - By minimizing waste and enabling the use of sustainable materials, 3D printing contributes to environmental sustainability.It has the potential to revolutionize manufacturing by reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and enabling localized production.
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#GovtScheme #Polity
✅India's Initiatives to Combat TB
⚜️National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Tuberculosis Elimination (2017-2025): A roadmap for TB elimination.
⚜️The Nikshay Ecosystem: National TB information system for monitoring and management.
⚜️Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY): Launched in 2018, provides Rs 500 per month as Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for nutritional needs of TB patients.
⚜️TB Harega Desh Jeetega Campaign: A nationwide awareness campaign.
⚜️Development of Vaccines: Two vaccines, VPM 1002 and MIP (Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii
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#GovtScheme #Polity
✅Several landmark initiatives taken up under NEP 2020 for the transformation of Education Sector
➡️Most noteworthy point- National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR) - for creating a unifying national digital infrastructure to energise and catalyse the education ecosystem
👆A point to be noted under digital infrastructure ( Gs-3 infra) and digital India( Gs-2 : Govt policies)
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#Polity
✅Renaming the state- Kerala->Keralam
🔶STEPS
📍1.State Legislative Assembly Resolution-> Presidential Reference and Central Government Scrutiny-> Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) scrutinizes the proposal- First schedule amendment-> Bill must be passed by a simple majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
📍2. Presidential Assent Final Approval: President gives assent to the Bill->Official Notification-> Published in The Gazette of India
📍3. Implementation and Administrative Adjustments:
⚜️Execution: Central and State authorities make necessary changes-Modifications in official records, maps, etc
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#Geography #IR
✅ECOWAS
🅾️Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)- Focus on these countries- It suspended members like Mali, Guinea, and Burkina Faso following coups in those countries, refusing to recognize their new governments
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✅Short notes- Best Practices- NITI Ayog - Case studies for Mains 2023 and 2024 short notes
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#SnT
✅Space
🅾️Voyager 2
➡️The article is self explanatory- please read the highlights
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#SnT #Environment
✅Producing Hydrogen from Methanol
🅾️Hydrogen as a Carrier in Organic Chemistry:
➡️Practical Solution: Methanol acts as a hydrogen carrier in synthetic organic chemistry.The innovative method involves utilizing a commercially available ruthenium complex as a catalyst under mild conditions.
➡️Handling Simplification: Eases storage and transport of hydrogen, enhancing transfer hydrogenation and C1 chemistry. Liberated hydrogen used in the synthesis of valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
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#Environment #Species
✅Western Tragopan
🅾️What?- Threatened bird- found in Himachal Pradesh
🅾️Breeding center for the Western Tragopan- Sarahan pheasantry, situated in Shimla- reintroducing the birds into their natural habitat in the wild has been a challenge.
🅾️IUCN status- “Vulnerable” (VU)
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#Geography
✅Parkachik Glacier
🅾️context : News on how 3 new lakes may form in the Parkachik glacier in Ladakh due to glacial retreat
🅾️Major river : It's situated in the Suru Valley, which is drained by the Suru River. The Suru River is a tributary of the Indus River, which it joins near the town of Kargil.
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#Polity
✅Zero FIR
🅾️What?- When a police station receives a complaint regarding an alleged offence that has been committed in the jurisdiction of another police station, it registers an FIR and then transfers it to the relevant police station for further investigation. This is called a Zero FIR.
🅾️To provide for faster trial and enhanced punishment for criminals (as per recommendation in the report of the Justice Verma Committee)
🅾️A Zero FIR can be filed in any Police Station by the victim, irrespective of their residence or the place of occurrence of crime
🔰What is an FIR?= The term first information report (FIR) is not defined in the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, or in any other law, but in police regulations or rules, information recorded under Section 154 of CrPC is known as First Information Report (FIR).
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#Polity
✅Adjournment motion- Rule 267
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✅‘Demon Particle’ Discovery
⚜️Which material ?: By Strontium ruthenate- predicted by By physicist David Pines, 70 years ago.
⚜️Nature: Electrically neutral.
⚜️Uniqueness: Exhibits properties regardless of temperature; potential for room-temperature superconductors.
🔰Significance in Superconductors
⚜️ Enables room-temperature functioning-More efficient computing, versatile applications.
🔰Superconductor vs Regular Metals
➡️Superconductor: Transmits electrical currents with no resistance.
➡️Regular Metals: Electrical resistance causes energy loss, heat.
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#GS1-#Art_and_Culture
🔴GS1- Art and culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Megalithic site in kerala
🅾️Where?- Nagaparamba in malappuram district
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#SnT
✅Metagenome sequencing
🅾️What?- pathogen surveillance tool - Metagenomics studies the genetic diversity and functional potential of microbial communities in an environment.
🅾️Use?- Metagenomics has applications in environmental science, bioremediation, understanding the human microbiome, and discovering novel genes and enzymes.
🅾️Metagenomics vs genome sequencing : Metagenomics studies genetic material collected from environmental samples containing a mixture of microorganisms.Genome sequencing determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome.
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#GS1-#Art_and_Culture
🔴GS1- Art and culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Govt protection of Manuscripts
➡️Bakhshali manuscript, an ancient Indian mathematical text written on birch bark, is considered to be the earliest recorded example of the use of zero
🅾️World’s first Palm-leaf Manuscript Museum in Kerala( Thiruvananthapuram)- Click here
🅾️What are Buranjis- Click here
➡️ You can also add this as an example in how digital infra can safeguard our culture- just like how digital infra can save biodiversity- Virtual herbarium
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#Environment
✅Nagar Van Yojana( NVY) and Initiatives to Combat Land Degradation and Promote Afforestation
📍Aim : aims to create 1000 urban forests in India
🅾️What?- Initiatives to deal with Challenges associated with land degradation - These include soil erosion, desertification, and industrialization
➡️Challenges associated with afforestation include species selection, survival and growth of trees, competing land uses, ecosystem imbalance, and community participation
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✅Lunar exploration Missions
🅾️Chronology till now- Click here
📍HAKUTO Lunar exploration Mission -Japan’s ispace Launches World’s First Commercial Moon Lander- CLick here
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#Environment
✅‘Extinction alert ‼️
🅾️What?- the International Whaling Commission (IWC) released its first ever ‘extinction alert’
🅾️Significance?- A whale species- vaquita porpoise has only 10 individuals left now- in the Gulf of California or Sea of Cortez in Mexico-The vaquita is exclusively present in the northern section of the Gulf of California, Mexico, with its population dwindling from around 570 in 1997 to roughly 10 now
🅾️Main reason- Bycatching- the unintentional capture of these marine mammals in fishing gear. Gillnets, commonly used for fishing, have proven to be a lethal threat to the vaquita population.Gillnets targeting totoaba, a fish highly valued in Chinese cuisine for its swimbladders, inadvertently trap vaquita porpoises
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#Geography
✅Amhara Region
🅾️Why in news?- Amhara region of Ethiopia - increasing violence of a local ethnic militia, called Fano, against the national army.
🅾️Reason : Failed plan to integrate regional security forces into the national army.
🅾️Significance- Fano alongside the regional security forces, played a significant role in the two-year-long civil war with the neighboring Tigray region- UPSC ASKED A QUESTION THIS YEAR on this topic- click here
🔰Amhara region- home to Lake Tana, the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia and the source of the Blue Nile River.
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✅Last day- a gentle reminder ( this is a first come first serve based batch)
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✅Last 15 seats left ( last batch for the year)
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#SnT #Polity
✅Deep tech policy
🅾️What is Deep tech?- Deep tech is a phrase describing organizations (often startups) that depart from end-user products or services to focus on technologies that require significant technical or scientific advances
🅾️Examples of deep tech might include AI applied to predict natural disasters or molecular imaging technologies that identify disease or predisposition to disease far before any other existing test possible could
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✅Announcing batch 2 of mentorship for 30 students
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✅Frontier Model Forum
🅾️What?- an industry-led body - To address security risks-foster responsible AI
🅾️Members- Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI – the Forum aims to focus on safe AI development, with a particular emphasis on frontier models, which are large-scale machine-learning models with extensive capabilities.
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⚠️Mains 2023 candidates can stick to this note for this topic. Useful across all GS papers and Essay
✅Includes case studies and stats
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#Environment
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Microfibre pollution
🅾️ Once released into the environment, microfibers can accumulate in water bodies. Due to their small size, they can be ingested by aquatic organisms, including fish and plankton, and can enter the food chain
🅾️Microfiber pollution can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems. These fibers can clog the gills of fish, disrupt their digestive systems, and cause other physiological problems.
🅾️In the past, we discussed how Reducing Cement Demand has been an often recurring theme in the Prelims exam- So impact of microfibre on strength of Cement is an important concept for prelim- Read that also- Click here
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