35152
#ielts #toefl #gre #english_vocabulary #english
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[...]
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Learn English Through Footbal Podcast: Cameo
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
joint (2)
a prison, a jail
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
interest in
If you interest somebody in something, you make them want to know more about it.
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Language Log
More on Mongolian and Kalmyk Studies
One of our last posts was on a German Mongolist named Julius Klaproth (1783-1835) who was a specialist on Kalmyk. This prompted a regular reader to send the following interesting account about another German Mongolist who was also an expert on the Kalmyks and their language, Nicholas Poppe (1897-1991):
From what I understand, the Russians confiscated the Kalmyk's cattle in WWII, which pushed them to collaborate with the Germans (who were then close to Stalingrad). Nicholas Poppe, the well-known Russian linguist of Mongolian, who was of German ethnicity and (I understand) had a relative among the invading Germans, served as an interpreter and eventually had to flee to the West because of this. Stalin took out a savage revenge on the Kalmyks for their betrayal.
Actually, the confiscation of “cattle” probably refers to the earlier forced collectivisation of agriculture, under which herdsmen owning more than a certain amount of livestock were exiled.
The Communists always had trouble with defining “capitalists” and “proletariat” in nomadic pastoral societies. Not that such societies were necessarily egalitarian—they had both nobility and serfs (bool), but the traditional Marxist concepts and categories didn’t always fit neatly.
(As the Wikipedia article on Poppe states: During World War II Poppe lived in the Caucasus, in a region which was overtaken by the Germans. Poppe served as a translator between the local population and the German invaders. When the Germans withdrew he and his family also took the opportunity to leave the Soviet Union. In 1943 Poppe moved with his family to Berlin. After the war, he spent several years underground in hiding from the Soviets. In 1949, he managed to emigrate to the United States, where he joined the faculty of the Far East and Russian Institute at the University of Washington. He continued teaching there up to his retirement in 1968.)
My reliable informant for the information in this account got it from a NUM (National University of Mongolia [Монгол Улсын Их Сургууль]) lecturer. It mutually corroborates much of what is in the Wikipedia article (a portion of which is quoted after the next paragraph).
I was at UW from 1967-68, so I had a one-year overlap with the great man. That was a real powerhouse for Inner Asian Studies, Central Asian Studies, East Asian Studies, Buddhist Studies (why I went there), etc. Nicholas N. Poppe (Russian: Никола́й/Ни́колас Никола́евич Поппе, Nikoláj/Níkolas Nikolájevič Poppe; 27 July 1897 – 8 August 1991) was an important Russian linguist. He is also known as Nikolaus Poppe, with his first name in its German form. He is often cited as N.N. Poppe in academic publications.
Poppe was a leading specialist in the Mongolic languages and the hypothetical (and controversial) Altaic language family to which the Mongolic, Turkic, and Tungusic languages belong. Poppe was open-minded toward the inclusion of Korean in Altaic, but regarded the evidence for the inclusion of Korean as weaker than that for the inclusion of Mongolic, Turkic, and Tungusic.
The entire rest of the Wikipedia article on Poppe is fascinating and leads one to wonder how a single person could have done so many different things and encountered so many difficulties in his life, all the while maintaining such an amazing degree of productivity. The list of his "Books authored" is mind-boggling in its scope and length, from Yakut Grammar for students in 1926, through History of the Mongolian Script. Vol.1: The square script (1941), Tsongol Folklore: Translation of the Collection the Language and Collective Farm Poetry of the Buriat Mongols of the Selenga Region (Harrassowitz [ISBN 9783447019422], 1978), to Mongolian epics XI with English translation and notes in 1985.
How Poppe could have maintained this[...]
Idiom of the Day
in order that
So that; with the particular aim or purpose of. Watch the video
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Word of the Day
preclude
Definition: (verb) Keep from happening or arising; make impossible.
Synonyms: foreclose, forestall, prevent, forbid.
Usage: Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor.
Discuss
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Language Log
Kalmyk-German glossary
[Basic information about Kalmyk (Mongolic language) and Julius Klaproth (1783-1835) below.]
For researchers of Julius Klaproth or those interested in Kalmyk language, I'm preparing to catalogue this Kalmyk-German glossary believed to have belonged to Klaproth. Any suggestions as to which book it is a glossary of? pic.twitter.com/SfSPyvZR3W
— Royal Asiatic Society (@RAS_Soc) April 4, 2024
Two further pictures from Julius Klaproth's Kalmyk-German manuscript. pic.twitter.com/2QKpMdzTB7
— Royal Asiatic Society (@RAS_Soc) April 4, 2024 Kalmyk Ethnologue classifies Kalmyk Oirat as a member of the Eastern branch of the Mongolic languages: "Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Oirat-Kalmyk-Darkhat". This places Standard Mongolian – which is essentially Khalkha Mongolian – and Kalmyk Oirat fairly close together. (source) (full Wikipedia article here)
Julius Klaproth Heinrich Julius Klaproth (11 October 1783 – 28 August 1835) was a German linguist, historian, ethnographer, author, orientalist and explorer.[1] As a scholar, he is credited along with Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, with being instrumental in turning East Asian Studies into scientific disciplines with critical methods.
…
Klaproth was born in Berlin on 11 October 1783, the son of the chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who is credited with the discovery of four elements including uranium. [VHM: !!!!]
(Wikipedia) Selected readings
* "Rejected Element Names" (3/4/23)
* "Caucasian words for tea" (1/26/17)
* "Sogdians and Xiongnu / Huns" (2/21/22)
* "Languages and cultures of Central Asia" (5/18/22)
* "Haba: mysterious Mandarin morpheme for 'pug'" (3/28/17)
* "Xi Jinping as a living bodhisattva" (3/9/18)
* "Jungaria" (8/14/17)
* "A Languid Sibilant Throng" (6/28/08) — especially this comment by John Emerson:
I’ll just mention a book I recently read which is of related interest: “Where Two Worlds Met” by Michael Khodarkovsky. The book is about the last days of the Kalmyk Oirat Mongols as an independent people loosely allied to Russia. It’s interesting to to me because the Kalmyks were the last westward extension of the steppe nomads (and of Buddhism), but also because during the XVIIIc, the Circassians (Kabardians), Mari (Cheremiss), Kazakhs, Nogai, Chuvash, and various Tatar and Cossack groups all also remained independent or semi-independent in that general area.
The Kalmyks were literate and were in direct diplomatic contact with Istanbul, Baghdad, Beijing, and Lhasa, besides Moscow. (To my knowledge they had no relations with Western Europe, though during the early part of this period the Swedes invaded (or perhaps fled to) the Ukraine.
At my link I have something I wrote about the Torgut Kalmyks and their heroic and tragic trek to China after they decided to break with Russia. It’s somewhat outdated by Khodarkovsky’s book, but still interesting. (Trivia: Thomas DeQuincey wroite a garbled account of the Torgut exodus).
[h.t. Geoff Wade]
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Idiom of the Day
in the pocket of (someone)
Under the direct control or influence of someone or some group. Watch the video
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Word of the Day
quaggy
Definition: (adjective) Resembling a marsh; soggy.
Synonyms: boggy, marshy, miry, mucky, muddy, sloughy, swampy.
Usage: The ground near the lake was wet and quaggy underfoot.
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➖ @EngSkills ➖
Language Log
Ace love
Photograph of an artistic arrangement on the wall of a tea shop in Philadelphia's Chinatown.
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/~bgzimmer/teashop.jpg
(Nothing can be done about the shadows behind the characters and the letters, because they are affixed to the wall in such a way that they stand out from it.)
iiù nián chuán chá qíng
六年傳茶情
"six years transmitting affection for tea"
bǎi nián chuán rén ài
百年傳人愛
"a hundred years transmitting love for people"
The English translation on the wall is:
After six years of tea affection,
a hundred years of ace love.
After showing this to about thirty native speaker graduate students and not one of them being able to understand what is meant by "ace love" nor where the "ace" part comes from in the Chinese, I ran down to Chinatown myself and asked the staff and management of the shop what gives with "ace love". There were approximately ten of them working there at the time. None of them could answer my question about "ace love", and they didn't seem to be bothered by that. The best that a couple of them could come up with is that "ace love" means "passion", but none of them could correlate that with anything in the Chinese.
The boba tea was excellent — tasted like real tea (mine was oolong) well prepared, the atmosphere was pleasant, and the staff were cheerful.
[Thanks to Nick Tursi and Zhaofei Chen]
➖ @EngSkills ➖
Language Log
The Syriac Script at Turfan
First Soundings
by Martina Galatello
This is the first book-length palaeographic study of about a thousand fragments in Syriac and Sogdian languages discovered between 1902 and 1914 in the Turfan area on the ancient Northern Silk Roads. This manuscript material, probably dating between the late 8th and 13th /14th centuries, is of utmost relevance for the history of an area that represents a crossroads region of various communities, languages and religions, not least the East Syriac Christian community. Palaeographic factors such as form, modulus, ductus, contrast, spaces between letters and ligatures have been examined. Particularly significant is a peculiar ligature of the letters sade and nun. One important observation that emerges from this research is the almost total absence of monumental script in favour of mostly cursive forms, most of them East Syriac cursive forms. These represent a valuable source for the study of the history of the East Syriac script due to the paucity of earlier and contemporary East Syriac manuscript evidence from the Middle East, at least before the twelfth century. Moreover, this research sheds light on scribal habits that are highly relevant for a better comprehension of the Sogdian and Syriac-speaking Christian communities, for the history of writing between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and for a greater understanding of the social context in which these and other communities in the same area read, wrote, and shared handwritten texts.
This study is part of the FWF stand-alone project "Scribal Habits. A case study from Christian Medieval Central Asia" (PI Chiara Barbati) at the Institute of Iranian Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Paperback
Pages: 178
Publisher: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
Series: Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse, 551
Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik, 90
9783700192749
Publication Date: September 2023
Selected readings
* "Review of Yoshida Yutaka's Lectures on Sogdian Grammar" (3/29/23)
* "Berkeley Working Papers in Middle Iranian Philology" (3/1/23)
* "Catalogue of Sogdian Writings in Central Asia" (1/5/23)
* "A Persian word in a Sinitic topolect" (3/10/20)
* "Sogdians and Xiongnu / Huns" (2/21/22)
* "Of chains and Old Sinitic reconstructions" (1/17/21)
* "Zoroastrianism and Mazdaism: Evidence from Sogdian and Pahlavi" (1/15/21)
* "The dissemination of iron and the spread of languages" (11/5/20)
* "Early Indo-Europeans in Xinjiang" (11/19/08)
* "Ask Language Log: Syriac Christian tombstone inscription from Mongol period East Asia" (2/11/24)
* "Of chains and Old Sinitic reconstructions" (1/17/21)
[Thanks to John Rohsenow]
➖ @EngSkills ➖
Word of the Day
Word of the Day: galore
This word has appeared in 61 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
➖ @EngSkills ➖
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[...]
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[...]
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Language Log
Another "variant" character
If we come upon a glyph that we don't recognize and can't find in any dictionary, especially if we have half an idea what it might mean or what it might sound like, we are apt to call it a "variant character" (yìtǐzì 異體字) or calligraphic form of some standard glyph. It happens all the time, e.g., here — in the comments.
Nick Kaldis sent in this character:
data:image/png;base64,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[...]
Idiom of the Day
in plain view
In full, unrestricted view; visibly, openly, or publicly. Watch the video
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Word of the Day
conflux
Definition: (noun) A flowing together.
Synonyms: merging, confluence.
Usage: There was a conflux of emotions and thoughts in him.
Discuss
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torrid pace, despite all the obstacles he encountered, is partly explained by the last paragraph of the last section of the Wikipedia article about him: Works
Poppe was a highly prolific scholar. A bibliography of his publications from 1924 to 1987 includes 284 books and articles and 205 book reviews. Between 1949 and 1968 — a period during which he was teaching 16 to 17 hours a week at the University of Washington, with only three months in the summer for uninterrupted research — he wrote 217 works, including over 40 books.
The secret of his high productivity, as he jokingly described it, was that while other people were enjoying "the beautiful surroundings of Seattle, climbing the mountains or sailing the waters", "he sits at his desk, wearing out one typewriter after the other like other people wear out their shoes".
That will surely bring a glimmer to the eyes of those who have had the good fortune to spend quality time in Emerald / Rain City! Addendum
Another great German Mongolist in the United States was Ferdinand Lessing (1882-1961), who taught at UC Berkeley where he was named the university's fourth Agassiz Professor of Oriental Languages and Literature in 1935. (source) Lessing was followed by James Bosson, who was of Swedish extraction and taught Mongolian, Manchu, and Tibetan languages and linguistics at Berkeley starting in 1963. (source) Selected readings
* "Kalmyk-German glossary" (4/5/24)
* "The Altaic Hypothesis revisited" (12/10/20)
* "Five old, white men" (6/24/23)
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Language Log
Writing on things
If someone is investigating texts, they can concentrate on the subject / content / style / linguistic nature of the writing. Increasingly, however, scholars have begun to concentrate on the objects and materials on which the writing takes place. From this, they tease out all sorts of interesting information about the social, political, and economic aspects of the texts. A new book on this topic is Thomas Kelly's The Inscription of Things: Writing and Materiality in Early Modern China (New York: Columbia University Press, 2023).
Why would an inkstone have a poem inscribed on it? Early modern Chinese writers did not limit themselves to working with brushes and ink, and their texts were not confined to woodblock-printed books or the boundaries of the paper page. Poets carved lines of verse onto cups, ladles, animal horns, seashells, walking sticks, boxes, fans, daggers, teapots, and musical instruments. Calligraphers left messages on the implements ordinarily used for writing on paper. These inscriptions—terse compositions in verse or epigrammatic prose—relate in complex ways to the objects on which they are written.
Thomas Kelly develops a new account of the relationship between Chinese literature and material culture by examining inscribed objects from the late Ming and early to mid-Qing dynasties. He considers how the literary qualities of inscriptions interact with the visual and physical properties of the things that bear them. Kelly argues that inscribing an object became a means for authors to grapple with the materiality and technologies of writing. Facing profound social upheavals, from volatility in the marketplace to the violence of dynastic transition, writers turned to inscriptions to reflect on their investments in and dependence on the permanence of the written word. Shedding new light on cultures of writing in early modern China, The Inscription of Things broadens understandings of the links between the literary and the material.
Another instance of this genre of scholarly writing is Xiuyuan Mi's University of Pennsylvania dissertation, "Reinventing Poetry: Popular Audiences and Polyphonic Space During the Song-Jin-Yuan Transition (1050-1300)", but for a period nearly a millennium earlier. See especially chapter 2, in which she looks at inscriptions on ceramic pillows. The questions she raises about why poets / artists would inscribe their work on something so seemingly so unlikely and quixotic as a rock-hard pillow are fascinating, albeit extraintuitive.
Selected readings
* "Faux Manchu: Ornamental Manchu II" (6/23/21)
* "Uyghur as ornament" (9/19/13)
* "Pentalingual street signs in Kashgar" (7/12/20)
* "Gibberish Uyghur" (9/28/09)
* "Gibberish Tibetan" (10/6/16)
[Thanks to John Rohsenow]
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
make out
to hug and kiss, possibly with some petting
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
run after
If you run after someone, you chase them and try to catch up with them by running.
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Word of the Day
Word of the Day: archipelago
This word has appeared in 123 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
kisser
the mouth
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
let down (1)
If you let someone down, you disappoint them by not doing what they expect you to do.
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Language Log
Luggage tags with (hidden) sewing kit
Chinese not necessary to use this marvelous dual purpose device.
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/~bgzimmer/sewingkit.jpg
Never be without a sewing kit again.
Sew on the go!
Airline compliant.
Deduct Fashionable Life.
They're all the rage!
Selected readings
* "It is cool to f*** the empress" (11/26/20)
* "Braised enterovirus, anyone?" (7/16/08)
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Idiom of the Day
on (someone's) behalf
For the benefit, interest, or support of someone; as an agent, representative, or in place of someone. Watch the video
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